Algae and particle removal in direct filtration of Biesbosch water : influence of algal characteristics, oxidation and other pre-treatment conditions; Proefschrift Technische Universiteit Delft.

The aim of the study is to investigate the applicability of direct filtration of Biesbosch reservoir water. It focuses on particle and algal coagulation, flocculation, and removal in direct filtration. Literature on coagulation, flocculation, filtration and the direct filtration of algae laden water is reviewed in chapter 2. The problems linked with the use of model water with cultured algae are discussed in chapter 3. In chapter 4 a new method for the preparation of model water for algal-related water treatment study is developed. The literature on different pre-treatment techniques is reviewed in chapter 5. Chapter 6 presents results from batch and pilot plant experiments designed to optimise the coagulation conditions for in-line coagulation of Biesbosch water. Results from further experiments designed to study the effects of Biesbosch reservoir water pre-ozonation on particle and algae removal in direct filtration are presented in chapter 7. Chapter 8 introduces an innovative direct filtration treatment scheme that comprises pre-treatment with potassium permanganate, coagulation with dual coagulants and three-media filtration. Chapter 9 offers a general research overview and, in particular, discusses the mechanisms that allow particle and algae removal in direct filtration treatment schemes. In addition, a conceptual model is introduced that describes the fate of algae and other particles in the algal size range in the developed direct filtration scheme