Etnocentrisme in Nederland: Theoretische bijdragen empirisch getoetst

Research on negative attitudes toward outgroups generally ignores the related positive attitude toward the ingroup. W. G. Sumner's Folkways (Boston: Ginn, 1906) referred to the presence of both related attitudes as ethnocentrism. Here, analysis of 1985 questionnaire data from a representative sample of Dutch citizens (N = 1,799) including Turkish, Moroccan, & Surinamese minorities reveals the existence of ethnocentric ideology in the Netherlands. Both negative stereotypes about outgroups & positive stereotypes about the ingroup (including nationalist feelings) were found. It is argued that ethnocentrism results from two simultaneous operative mechanisms: social identification & social contra-identification. Social & cultural characteristics of ethnocentrism are explored typologically