Political systems, parties and diversity: The case of Amsterdam

European cities have become more diverse and more unequal. Participation in urban political systems is a crucial means to improve a group’s position in the city and address perceived group injustices. An important question is therefore to what extent did immigrants enter the precincts of urban political power in Europe? In this chapter, I take Amsterdam as a case study to answer this question. Based on existing research, I will provide an overview of the level of political integration of the three largest immigrant groups in the Dutch capital over the last decades