Dynamic state estimation for power system control and protection

Dynamic state estimation (DSE) accurately tracks the dy-namics of a power system and provides the evolution of the system state in real-time. This paper focuses on the control and protection applications of DSE, comprehensively pre-senting different facets of control and protection challeng-es arising in modern power systems. It is demonstrated how these challenges are effectively addressed with DSE-enabled solutions. As precursors to these solutions, reformulation of DSE considering both synchrophasor and sampled value measurements and comprehensive compar-isons of DSE and observers have been presented. The use-fulness and necessity of DSE based solutions in ensuring system stability, reliable protection and security, and resil-ience by revamping of control and protection methods are shown through examples, practical applications, and sug-gestions for further development