The HD/H2 ratio in the atmosphere of Uranus

High resolution spectra of HD and H2 were brought together to derive the D/H ratio for Uranus. The deuterium concentration in the dominant molecular hydrogen phase is least susceptible to the effects of isotope fractionation in the planetary atmosphere, and the determination of relative abundances of HD and H2 is unambiguous due to nearness and relative weakness of the chosen spectral lines. The HD 5-0 R(0) and R(1) dipole lines and the H2 4-0 S(0), S(1), and S(2) quadrupole lines were obtained with a PEPSIOS instrument at the Palomar 5-meter telescope. The H2 spectra, which resolve the asymmetric line profiles resulting from pressure shifts in the deep stratified Uranus atmosphere, unambiguously define the line-of-sight hydrogen abundance for comparison with the HD spectra. The 5-0 band of HD was chosen to minimize interference from blended CH4 lines. However, weak interfering lines were found in the 5-0 bands from Uranus as well, and some uncertainties remain regarding the intrinsic line strengths in molecular hydrogen, complicating the analysis of the HD/H2 data. Nevertheless, it is established that the D/H ratio in the atmosphere of Uranus is smaller than the Jovian value, and is significantly smaller than recent theoretical predictions for Uranus based on estimates of isotope fractionation in the pre-planetary solar nebulae