Spirituality in nursing care of neurological patient

Posljednjih devet godina svjedočimo ponovnom buđenju interesa koji propituje relevantnost spiritualnog zdravlja. Sestrinstvo od pamtivijeka počiva na osjećaju ljubavi prema bližnjima i na moralnoj ideji za “činjenjem dobrog“, ali je pojava Kršćanstva kroz empatiju, samilost i humanu naklonost bolesnima, značajno obilježila bit sestrinstva, shvaćenu kao integralnu skrb. Osim što sestrinstvo počiva na duhovnoj skrbi, široko je prepoznata kroz sestrinske teorije. Pregledom radova teoretičarki uviđamo da je duhovnost na samim počecima definiranja sestrinske prakse uvrštena u zadaće medicinskih sestara. Pojavom holističkog zdravstvenog pokreta, uz pojam holističke njege, sve je veći broj znanstvenika koji uviđaju značajan utjecaj duhovnosti i religioznosti na zdravlje. Religija i duhovnost su također prepoznate kao pozitivne strategije kod općeg zdravstvenog stanja ljudi s neurološkim bolestima. Potreba za subspecijalizacijom u poljima neurologije i neurokirurgije pokreće novu disciplinu sestrinstva, danas znanu kao neurološko sestrinstvo. Ono predstavlja jedinstveno područje sestrinske prakse, specijalizirano za skrb pacijenta s poremećajem neurološkog sustava. Takva skrb obuhvaća sve razine ljudskog postojanja, biološku, psihološku, socijalnu, ali i duhovnu dimenziju pacijenta koja može biti od vitalne važnosti. Neurološki deficit će najčešće rezultirati smanjenom sposobnošću za obavljanjem svakodnevnih aktivnosti; kognitivnom disfunkcijom; traženjem novog smisla života; nizom emocionalnih promjena i egzistencionalnih pitanja, a time i smanjenom kvalitetom života. Kako bi zdravstvena skrb za neurološkog bolesnika bila potpuna, medicinske sestre moraju biti sposobne intervenirati na svim razinama ljudskog bića, a to nije samo fizička, već i mentalna, društvena i duhovna razina.In the last nine years, we have witnessed a reawakening of interest that questions the relevance of spiritual health. From time immemorial, nursing has been based on a sense of love for neighbors and a moral idea of "doing good", but the appearance of Christianity through empathy, compassion and human appetency for the patients has significantly marked the essence of nursing, understood as integral care. Except that nursing depends on spiritual care, it is widely recognized through nursing theories. By reviewing the works of the theorists, we see that spirituality at the beginning of defining nursing practice was included in the tasks of nurses. With the advent of the holistic health movement, along with the term of holistic care, an increasing number of scientists are realizing the significant impact of spirituality and religiosity on health. Religion and spirituality have also been recognized as positive strategies in the general health of people with neurological diseases. The need for subspecialization in the fields of neurology and neurosurgery is activating a new discipline of nursing, today known as neurological nursing. It is a unique area of nursing practice, specialized care for patients with disorders of the nerve system. Such care encompasses all levels of human existence, the biological, psychological, social, but also the spiritual dimension of the patient that can be vital. Neurological deficits will most often result in reduced ability to perform daily activities; cognitive dysfunction; seeking a new meaning to life; a series of emotional changes and existential questions, and thus a reduced quality of life. To make health care for a neurological patient complete, nurses must be able to intervene at all levels of the human being and this is not only the physical but also the mental, social and spiritual levels