Međuredna kultivacija - agrotehnička mera za povećanje prinosa soje

In order to examine the influence of inter-row cultivation on the soybean yield, a trial was set up in the Agricultural School in Backa Topola from 2015 to 2017. Three soybean varieties were selected at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. Galina, Sava and Rubin were used. The trials included the different number of inter-row cultivations: control -without inter-row cultivation, one inter-row cultivation, two and three inter-row cultivations of soybean crops. Obtained results showed that an average yield of soybean increased with an increase in the number of inter-row cultivations during the soybean vegetation period. With one inter-row cultivation, the yield increase was 5.33%, with two inter-row cultivations -7.10% and with three cultivations -7.33%. In the years with a lower precipitation, the influence of intra-row cultivation was much more effective. In 2017, the increase ranged from 10.33% to 13.62%, and in 2016 from 3.09% to 4.27%. Yield was increased due to reduced evapotranspiration of soil moisture as well as prevention of descending of water into deeper layers. During summer, this allowed better water conservation in the soil for critical periods, and also increased the activity of microorganisms as well as more intensive mineralization of organic matter, which ultimately influenced the yield.U cilju proučavanja uticaja međuredne kultivacije na prinos semena soje postavljen je ogled na parceli Poljoprivredne škole u Bačkoj Topoli u periodu od 2015. do 2017. godine. U ogledu su korišćene sorte soje selekcionisane u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu: Galina, Sava i Rubin. U ogledu su bile zastupljene sledeće varijante međuredne kultivacije: kontrola-bez međuredne kultivacije, jedna, dve i tri međuredne kultivacije useva soje. Prosečni prinos soje se povećao sa povećanjem broja prohoda međurednim kultivatorom u toku vegetacionog perioda soje. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da je na varijanti sa jednom međurednom kultivacijom povećanje prinosa iznosilo 5,33%, sa dve međuredne kultivacije 7,10%, a sa tri 7,33%. U godinama sa manjom količinom padavina, značaj međuredne kultivacije bio je mnogo veći. U 2017. godini ostvaren je veći prinos zrna soje za 10,33-13,62% u odnosu na kontrolnu varijantu (bez međuredne kultivacije), a u 2016. godini za 3,09-4,27%. Povećanje prinosa posledica je, između ostalog, smanjene evaporacije zemljišne vlage i sprečavanja poniranja vode u dublje slojeve. Ovo omogućava bolje čuvanje vode u zemljištu u kritičnim periodima tokom letnjih meseci, a takođe i povećava aktivnost mikroorganizama kao i intenzivniju mineralizaciju organske materije, što u krajnoj meri utiče na povećanje prinosa