Dostignuća u oplemenjivanju NS hibrida uljane repice

The increased production of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is evident on a global scale, but also in Serbia in the last decade. Rapeseed is used primarily for vegetable oil and processing industry, but also as a source of protein for animal feed and green manure. Following the cultivation of varieties, breeding and cultivation of hybrid rapeseed started in the 1990's, to take advantage of heterosis in F1 generation, while protecting the breeder's rights during seed commercialization. The breeding of hybrid oilseed rape requires high quality starting material (lines with good combining abilities) for introduction of male sterility. Ogura sterility system is primarily used at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia. To use this system, separate lines are modified with genes for cytoplasmic male sterility (cms female line - mother line) and restoration of fertility (Rf male lines - father line). In order to maintain the sterility of the mother line it is necessary to produce a maintainer line of cytoplasmic male sterility. Creation of these lines and hybrids at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops was successfully monitored with intense use of cytogenetic laboratory methods. The structure and vitality of pollen, including different phases during meiosis were checked so that cms stability was confirmed during the introduction of these genes into different lines. Rapeseed breeding program in Serbia resulted in numerous varieties through collaboration of researchers engaged in breeding and genetics of this plant species. So far, in addition to 12 varieties of winter rapeseed and two varieties of spring rapeseed, a new hybrid of winter rapeseed NS Ras was registered in Serbia. NS Ras is an early-maturing hybrid characterized by high seed yield and oil content. Average yield of NS Ras for two seasons and three sites was 4256 kg ha-1 of seed and 1704 kg ha-1 of oil. Three promising winter rapeseed hybrids are in the process of registration in the Republic of Serbia and one in the EU. While addressing many challenges in breeding, especially resistance to biotic and abiotic stress, in addition to classical breeding, it is necessary to apply the cytogenetic and molecular analysis to increase the efficiency of producing competitive rapeseed genotypes.Porast proizvodnje uljane repice (Brassica napus L.) evidentan je u svetskim razmerama, a poslednje decenije i u Srbiji. Uljana repica se koristi prvenstveno za dobijanje ulja za ishranu i prerađivačku industriju, ali i kao izvor proteina za ishranu domaćih životinja i zelenišno đubrivo. Nakon gajenja sorti počelo se 90-ih godina prošlog veka sa oplemenjivanjem i gajenjem hibrida uljane repice, kako bi se iskoristio efekat heterozisa u F1 generaciji, uz istovremenu zaštitu prava oplemenjivača prilikom prometa semena. U oplemenjivanju hibrida uljane repice neophodno je u kvalitetan početni materijal (linije dobrih kombinacionih sposobnosti) uneti svojstvo muške sterilnosti. U Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad koristi se prvenstveno Ogura sistem sterilnosti. Korišćenje ovog sistema obuhvata unošenje citoplazmatske muške sterilnosti (cms linije majke) i gena za restauraciju fertilnosti (Rf linije oca). Da bi se sterilnost linije majke održala neophodno je proizvesti i liniju održivača citoplazmatske muške sterilnosti. Prilikom stvaranja ovih linija, hibrida i u semenskoj proizvodnji u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo intenzivno i vrlo uspešno su korišćene citogenetske laboratorijske metode. Analizirana je građa i vitalnost polena, kao i različite faze tokom mejoze i utvrđena stabilnost svojstava prilikom unošenja ovih gena u različite linije. U oplemenjivanju uljane repice u Srbiji postignuti su značajni rezultati kroz saradnju istraživača koji se bave genetikom i oplemenjivanjem ove biljne vrste. Do sada je pored 12 sorti ozime i dve sorte jare repice u Srbiji registrovan hibrid ozime uljane repice NS Ras. NS Ras je ranostasni hibrid koji se odlikuje visokim prinosom zrna i ulja. Prosečan prinos u dve sezone za tri lokaliteta je bio 4256 kg ha-1 semena i 1704 kg ha-1 ulja. Još tri perspektivna ozima hibrida uljane repice nalaze se u postupku registracije u republici Srbiji i jedan u EU. U rešavanju mnogih izazova u oplemenjivanju, prvenstveno otpornosti na biotski i abiotski stres, pored klasičnog oplemenjivanja neophodno je primeniti, citogenetske i molekularne analize za povećanje efikasnosti oplemenjivanja uljane repice