Novosadske sorte pšenice u agroekološkim uslovima Vojvodine

To further improve the current wheat production, it is necessary to use the latest scientific achievements, among which modern, high-yielding cultivars take a notable place. In this paper we analyze eight NS winter wheat cultivars grown in the period 2005-2011. The discussed results come from twelve test locations of a large-plot trials network, organized in the Vojvodina Province. The cultivars Zvezdana and Etida had significantly higher genetic yield potentials than the standard cultivar Pobeda. The cultivar Simonida, which is commercially grown on a considerable acreage, and the cultivar Angelina exhibited not only high productivity but also significant yield stability. The analyzed locations in the central part of the Vojvodina Province (region II) proved to be particularly advantageous for achieving high grain yields. Growing several different cultivars in a region can significantly affect wheat performance and stability. Because of an uneven distribution of rainfall, or its shortage, and temperature variations in the critical periods of wheat development, it is recommended to grow cultivars with different genetic backgrounds, so that differences in their most important agronomic traits may offset the negative impact of unfavorable climatic factors. .Za unapređenje proizvodnje pšenice neophodna je primena savremenih naučnih dostignuća, među kojima je upotreba savremenih, visokoprinosnih sorti od izuzetnog značaja. U radu je analizirano osam NS sorti ozime pšenice u periodu 2005-2011.g. Rezultati potiču sa 12 lokaliteta iz mreže makroogleda u Vojvodini. Značajno višim genetskim potencijalom za prinos u odnosu na standardnu sortu Pobeda, odlikovale su sorte Zvezdana i Etida. Široko rasprostranjena sorta Simonida, kao i sorta Angelina, ispoljile su pored visine i značajnu stabilnost prinosa. Analizirani lokaliteti u centralnom delu Vojvodine (Rejon II), pokazali su se izuzetno povoljnim za ostvarivanje visokih prinosa zrna. Gajenje većeg broja različitih sorti u pojedinim rejonima, u značajnoj meri može uticati na uspešnost i stabilnost proizvodnje pšenice. Nedostatak ili neravnomeran raspored padavina, kao i temperaturne oscilacije u kritičnim periodima razvoja pšenice, nameću potrebu gajenja sorti različitog genetskog porekla, kako bi razlike u najvažnijim agronomskim svojstvima, kompenzovale negativni uticaj klimatskih faktora.