Iskorišćavanje hibridizacije (F1) u oplemenjivanju krmnog sirka (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

In plants with bisexual flowers, the development of hybrids and F1 seed production is only possible by using cytoplasmatic male sterility. The discovery of such sterility and the maintainers has made it possible to utilize the phenomenon of heterosis to improve yields and yield components in forage sorghum. It has been shown that the best way to develop forage sorghum hybrids is to cross grain sorghum as the female parent and Sudan grass as the male. The objective of this study was to develop a forage sorghum hybrid for the production of green matter to be used either fresh or for silage. The sorghum hybrid developed in these efforts (Siloking) is intended for multiple cutting, as the basal nodes produce buds and regrowth takes place. The performance of the new hybrid with respect to yield and quality was compared to that of the forage sorghum cultivar NS Džin. In a two-year study conducted under different growing conditions in four locations, Siloking produced an average green matter yield of 86.29 t ha-1 (two cuts), a dry matter yield of 25.34 t ha-1, and a crude protein content of 11.85 %. Siloking outperformed NS Džin in terms of yield and quality.Kod biljaka sa dvopolnim cvetom stvaranje hibrida i proizvodnja F1 semena jedino je moguća korišćenjem citoplazmatske-genetske muške sterilnosti. Otkrićem muške sterilnosti i održivača omogućeno je iskorišćavanje efekta heterozisa prvenstveno na prinos i komponente prinosa kod krmnog sirka. Za stvaranje hibrida krmnog sirka najbolje su se pokazala ukrštanja sirka za zrno (majka hibrida) i sudanske trave (otac hibrida). Cilj rada je bilo stvaranje hibrida krmnog sirka za proizvodnju zelene mase, koja će se koristiti u svežem stanju ili za siliranje. Stvoreni hibridni sirak (Siloking) je višeotkosni jer se iz čvora bokorenja razvijaju pupoljci, odnosno bočni izdanci i regeneriše se. Dobijeni rezultati o prinosu i kvalitetu upoređivani su sa rezultatima sorte krmnog sirka NS Džin. U dvogodišnjem ispitivanju u različitim agroekološkim uslovima na četiri lokaliteta, Siloking je ostvario prosečan prinos zelene mase iz dva otkosa 86,29 t ha-1, i prinos suve materije 25,34 t ha-1, sadržaj sirovih proteina bio je 11,85 %. Po prinosu i kvalitetu hibridni sirak Siloking je bio bolji od sorte krmnog sirka NS Džin