Mikrobiološka svojstva černozema na lokalitetu Futog

Microorganisms take part in soil formation and maintain soil fertility. The abundance of certain microbial groups and their enzymatic activity are used as an indicator of soil quality/fertility. Each type of soil has its own characteristic microflora, which is influenced by environmental conditions, cultural practices, crop species grown and the presence of heavy metals. Our study dealt with the basic chemical and microbiological properties of the soil at the Futog location. The soil type at the location is chernozem. Soil microbial properties were monitored based on total microbial abundance, the number of diazotrophs, ammonifiers, actinomycetes and fungi, and the activity of the oxidation-reduction enzyme dehydrogenase. The standard dilution methods and media were used. The incubation time and temperature depended on the microbial group. The dehydrogenase activity was determined spectrophotometrically based on triphenyl formazan extinction. The results show that microbial activity at the site is the most intensive in the soil surface layer and that it decreases with the depth. The presence of ammonifiers and oligonitrophilic microbes and the total microbial abundance were determined in the CG horizon as well. Azotobacters, which are important indicators of the nitrogen fixation balance, were found in all sites in the Amo and AC horizons, but were not present in deeper layers. Actinomycetes and fungi were absent from the C horizon downward. As an indicator of oxidation-reduction processes in the soil, dehydrogenase was extremely high in the horizon down to 25 cm depth, but decreased with the increasing depth.Mikroorganizmi učestvuju u formiranju zemljišta i održavaju njegovu plodnost. Brojnost pojedinih grupa mikroorganizama i aktivnost enzima se koriste kao pokazatelji kvaliteta/plodnosti zemljišta. Svaki tip zemljišta ima svoju karakterističnu mikrofloru na koju utiču ekološki uslovi, agrotehničke mere, biljna vrsta i prisustvo teških metala. Istraživanja su obuhvatila osnovna hemijska i mikrobiološka svojstva tri profila zemljišta sa lokaliteta Futog. Tip zemljišta je černozem. Mikrobiološka svojstva su praćena na osnovu ukupnog broja mikroorganizama, brojnosti diazotrofa, amonifikatora, aktinomiceta i gljiva, kao i aktivnosti oksidoredukcionog enzima dehidrogenaze. Korišćene su standardne metode razređenja na odgovarajućim hranljivim podlogama. Vreme i temperatura inkubacije zavisila je od grupe mikroorganizama. Dehidrogenazna aktivnost je određena spektro-fotometrijskom metodom, na osnovu ekstinkcije trifenilformazana. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata može se zaključiti da je mikrobiološka aktivnost najintenzivnija u površinskom sloju zemljišta, a sa dubinom opada. Prisustvo amonifikatora, oligonitrofila i ukupnog broja mikroorganizama je utvrđeno i u horizontu CG. Azotobacter, kao značajan pokazatelj azotofiksacionog bilansa, je utvrđen u sva tri profila, u horizontima Amo i AC, dok u dubljim slojevima nije prisutan. Aktinomicete i gljive nisu prisutne već od horizonta C. Dehidrogenaza, kao pokazatelj oksidoredukcionih procesa u zemljištu, izuzetno je visoka u horizontu do 25 cm dubine, a sa dubinom opada