Uticaj roditeljskih genotipova na formiranje haploidnih embriona u ukrštanjima pšenice i kukuruza

Wheat x maize hybridization method is an efficient and frequently used system for production of haploids in wheat. With the intention of further improving the efficiency of this method, the aim of this work was to analyze the influence of wheat genotype, as well as pollinator genotype (maize) on fertilization frequency (no. of open-pollinated seeds per 100 pollinated florets) and frequency of haploid embryos (no. of haploid embryos per 100 pollinated florets) in wheat x maize hybridization. Thirteen wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) combinations were crossed with two different maize (Zea mays L) genotypes. The results have shown that there were significant differences among wheat combinations, as well as between maize genotypes in relation to the studied characters. Significant differences in fertilization frequency were found between pollinators in three wheat combinations (Banks/Rodna Banks/NS-205-98 and Lira/Sonata). In these combinations, significantly better results were obtained in the crosses with Kelvedon Glory pollinator. The advantage of this pollinator was specially expressed in the frequency of haploid embryos, which ranged from 0.2 to 3.6% in relation to the total number of pollinated florets. In wheat crosses with ZPSC-213 pollinator, the frequency of haploid embryos ranged from 0 to 1.2%. No significant difference between the pollinators in regard of this trait was found in combination Banks/Rodna, while all other wheat combinations had significantly greater number of haploid embryos in the crosses with Kelvedon Glory pollinator.Ukrštanju pšenice i kukuruza predstavljaju danas jednu od najčešće korišćenih i najefikasnijih metoda za proizvodnju homozigotnih dvostrukih haploida pšenice. U cilju daljeg povećanja efikasnosti ove metode, u ovom radu ispitan je uticaj genotipa pšenice, kao i genotipa polinatora (kukuruz) na frekvenciju oplodnje (br. stranooplodnih zrna/ukupan br. oprašenih zr) i frekvenciju haploidnih embriona (broj haploidnih embriona/ukupan br. oprašenih zr) u ukrštanjima pšenice i kukuruza. Trinaest kombinacija pšenice (Triticum aestivum L.) ukršteno je sa dva genotipa kukuruza (Zea mays L). Utvrđene su značajne razlike u pogledu ispitivanih svojstava, kako između kombinacija pšenice, tako i između genotipova kukuruza. U pogledu frekvencije oplodnje značajne razlike između oprašivača utvrđene su kod tri kombinacije pšenice (Banks/Rodna, Banks/NS-205-98 i Lira/Sonata). Kod sve tri navedene kombinacije postignuti su značajno bolji rezultati u oplodnji sa oprašivačem Kelvedon Glory. Prednost ovog oprašivača naročito je ispoljena u pogledu frekvencije formiranih haploidnih embriona, koja se kretala od 0,2-3,6% u odnosu na ukupan broj oprašenih cvetova. U ukrštanjima pšenice sa oprašivačem ZPSC-213 frekvencija haploidnih embriona se kretala od 0-1,2%. Samo kod kombinacije Banks/Rodna nije utvrđena značajna razlika između polinatora u pogledu ovog svojstva, dok su sve ostale kombinacije ukrštanja pšenice dale značajno veći broj haploidnih embriona u ukrštanjima sa polinatorom Kelvedon Glory