Optically derived elevation angle dependence of fading for satellite PCS

Images of urban Japan taken vertically through a 180 deg fisheye lens were analyzed to derive, as a function of elevation the fraction of sky that is clear, shadowed by trees, or blocked by buildings. At 32 deg elevation, results match those derived from satellite measurements fit to a 3-state fade model. Using the same model, for the first time the elevation angle dependence of mobile satellite fading is predicted