Preoperative nursing care for spinal surgery patients

Križobolja se ubraja u najveća socio-medicinska, pa i ekonomska pitanja zdravstvenog sustava zbog svoje učestalosti, tegoba koje uzrokuje bolesnicima te njihova izostanka s posla. Smatra se jednim od najvažnijih zdravstvenih problema novijeg doba. Do danas u literaturi nema jasnih smjernica o izboru između konzervativnog ili kirurškog liječenja križobolje zbog manjka randomiziranih prospektivnih studija s usporedbom konzervativnog i kirurškog liječenja kralježnice, uz evaluaciju dugotrajnog ishoda. Ipak, sve postojeće operacije s nizom modifikacija imaju isti cilj: otklanjanje kompresije na živčane strukture (bilo da je riječ o fragmentima nukleusa, hipertrofiranim ligamentima, koštanim izraslinama ili fragmentima hrskavice). Zbog toga ponekad izbor vrste operativnog liječenja nije jednostavan. Perioperacijska skrb podrazumijeva skrb pruženu prije, za vrijeme i neposredno nakon operativnog zahvata. Uloga medicinske sestre u prijeoperacijskom razdoblju uključuje psihičku i fizičku pripremu bolesnika za operativni zahvat. Intraoperacijska faza počinje dolaskom bolesnika u operacijsku salu te završava u sobi za oporavak. Poslijeoperacijska faza počinje prijemom u sobi za buđenje, odlaskom bolesnika na odjel te završava njegovim odlaskom iz bolnice.Back pain belongs amongst the biggest sociomedical or even economical questions of the healthcare system, due to it being a very common condition, as well as the difficulties it causes to the affected people, making them miss work. It is considered to be one of the most important healthcare issues of the modern age. Today, there are still no clear directions for choosing between a more conservative or surgical approach to curing back pain. This is due to a lack of randomized prospective studies that compare these two methodologies, with a long term outcome evaluation. However, all existing surgical operations with a set of modifications have the same goal: removing the compression of the nervous structure (whether the problem is nucleus fragments, hypertrophied ligaments, bone protrusions, or cartilage fragments). This sometimes makes the choice of the surgical operation type difficult. Perioperative care includes care provided before, during, and immediately after the surgical procedure. A nurse's role in the period before the surgical procedure includes the mental and physical preparation of the patient for the procedure. The intraoperative phase starts with the patient's arrival in the operating room and ends in the recovery room. The postoperative phase starts with the reception at the wake-up room and the patient's arrival at the department and ends with the patient's departure from the hospital