High-throughput analysis of the ideality factor to evaluate the outdoor performance of perovskite solar minimodules

Halide perovskite solar cells exhibit a unique combination of properties, including ion migration, low non-radiative recombination and low performance dependence on temperature. Because of these idiosyncrasies, it is debatable whether standard procedures for assessing photovoltaic technologies are sufficient to appropriately evaluate this technology. Here, we show a low dependence of the open-circuit voltage on the temperature of a MAPbI3 minimodule that allows a high-throughput outdoor analysis based on the ideality factor (nID). Accordingly, three representative power loss tendencies obtained from I–V curves measured with standard procedures are compared with their corresponding nID patterns under outdoor conditions. Therefore, based on the linear relationship between T80 and the time to reach nID = 2 (TnID2), we demonstrate that nID analysis could offer important complementary information with important implications for outdoor development of this technology, providing physical insights into the recombination mechanism dominating performance, thus improving the understanding of degradation processes and device characterization