Sustentability comparative study of three different ways of producing bamboo for construction in the regions of Eje Cafetero and Ibama Cundinamarca

El presente trabajo es un estudio comparativo ambiental y de costos de la producción de tres maneras de producir culmos de guadua para construcción: la primera, la materia prima se obtiene a partir de bosques cultivados en el eje cafetero, en los cuales se hace manejo silvicultural de siembra, aprovechamiento y valor agregado (inmunizado y secado) con técnicas tradicionales; la segunda se realiza en bosques cultivados, también en el eje cafetero, con manejo silvicultural, aprovechamiento y valor agregado, usando técnicas denominadas ambientalmente amigables, y la tercera, corresponde a un bosque natural, situado en la región de Ibama (Cundinamarca), donde la explotación se realiza con manejo silvicultural y valor agregado por métodos ambientalmente amigables. A partir de los datos obtenidos con base en la información de fincas y empresas, se hizo el análisis ambiental utilizando la metodología del Análisis de Ciclo de Vida (ISO 14040, ISO 14041 e ISO 14042). Adicionalmente, se realizó un análisis de renovabilidad del recurso y finalmente, aplicando el análisis costo beneficio se comparó la rentabilidad económica de los tres sistemas productivos. / Abstract. The present work is an environmental production cost and comparative study about three to produce stem of bamboo: the first way, the raw material is obtained from forests cultivated in Eje Cafetero which handle silvicultural grow, usage and aggregated value, immunization and drying, with traditional techniques; the second, takes in cultivated forests, also in the Eje Cafetero, handling silvicultural management, usage and aggregated value, using techniques known as environmentally friendly; and the third, considers a natural forest located in Ibama (Cundinamarca), where the exploitation is made through silvicultural management and aggregated value by means of environmentally friendly methods until getting to lamination. Using the data obtained in farms and companies, the environmental analysis was carried out through Life Cycle Assessment methodology (ISO 14040, ISO 14041 and ISO 14042), in addition, the analysis of resource renewability was taken in to account from “Models of silvicultural treatment for the optimization of the financial rentability in the management and sustainable usage of bamboo, in the Eje cafetero (Morales, 2004). Finally, the economical analysis took as a reference the rentability and cost studies of the usage of bamboo by the engineers Ruben Moreno from CARDER, and Tito Morales from Universidad Tecnológica of Pereira.Maestrí