The role of the local community and police in the local community in the process of prevention and disengagement of radicalization

Vprašanje zaznavanja in preprečevanja radikalizacije ter deradikalizacije je postalo v zadnjih dveh desetletjih ena od osrednjih tem varstvoslovja. Teroristični napadi v evropskih prestolnicah, nasilje nad manjšinami, in borci, ki se vračajo iz bojišč v tujini so le nekateri primeri radikalizacije v sodobni Evropi. V diplomski nalogi so obravnavani in pojasnjeni osnovni termini, povezani s temo, nato pa so predstavljeni različni pogledi na kompleksen fenomen radikalizacije ter najpogostejših oblik nasilnih političnih in verskih ekstremizmov. V osrednjem delu prikazuje faze radikalizacije ter možnosti ukrepanja pri vsaki od njih, prav tako pa poskuša prepoznati ključne družbene akterje, s katerimi je boj proti radikalizaciji uspešnejši. Sodobna teorija in praksa namreč kažeta, da radikalizacija ne vodi nujno v izvajanje nasilnih kaznivih dejanj zoper življenje in zdravje ljudi, in tako je za zgodnjo zaznavanje radikalizacije ključna intervencija iz lokalnega okolja radikaliziranega posameznika ali skupine, medtem ko so represivni organi pomembnejši v poznejših fazah radikalizacije, ko se posameznik ali skupina že pomikajo proti nasilju. Pri tem pa ne gre le za detektiranje deležnikov, temveč morajo tudi deležniki sami prepoznati svojo vlogo ter biti primerno usposobljeni in izobraženi, da se lahko odzovejo na rastočo nevarnost radikalizacije. V zadnjih poglavjih so predstavljene še nekatere dobre prakse ter možnosti prenosa širokega vsedružbenega pristopa v slovensko realnost.The issue of perceiving and preventing radicalization and deradicalization has become one of the central themes of security studies in the last two decades. Terrorist attacks in European capitals, violence against minorities, and foreign fighters returning from abroad are just a few examples of radicalization in today’s Europe. The thesis discusses and explains the basic terms related to the topic, and then presents different views on the complex phenomenon of radicalization and the most common forms of violent political and religious extremism. In the central part, it shows stages of radicalization and the possibilities of action in each of them, and also tries to identify the key social actors with whom the fight against radicalization is more successful. Modern theory and practice show that radicalization does not necessarily lead to the commission of violent crimes against human life and health, and so intervention from the local environment of a radicalized individual or group is crucial for early detection of radicalization, while repressive organs are more important in later stages of radicalization. when an individual or group is already moving towards violence. However, it is not just a matter of detecting stakeholders, but also that stakeholders themselves must recognize their role and be properly trained and educated to be able to respond to the growing danger of radicalization. The last chapters also present some good practices and the possibilities of transferring a broad pan-social approach to the Slovenian reality