Fluid Structure Interaction of Yacht Sails in the Unsteady Regime

The dynamic Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) of yacht sails submitted to a harmonic pitching motion is numerically investigated to address both issues of aerodynamic unsteadiness and structural deformation. The model consists in an implicit dynamic coupling algorithm between a Vortex Lattice Method model for the aerodynamics and a Finite Element Method model for the structure dynamics. It is shown that the dynamicbehaviour of a sail plan subject to yacht motion clearly deviates from the quasi-steady theory. The aerodynamic forces oscillate with phase shifts with respect to themotion. This results in hysteresis phenomena, which show aerodynamic equivalent damping and stiffening effects of the unsteady behaviour. The area of thehysteresis loop corresponds to the amount of energy exchanged by the system and increases with the motion reduced frequency and amplitude. In the case of a rigidstructure, the aerodynamic forces oscillations and the exchanged energy are lower than for a flexible structure