<Articles>Resilience of the Nation-State System after the Refugee Crisis in Europe: Ambiguous Path of Immigration Policies on Syrian Refugees

Since the Syrian Civil War in 2011, many Syrians have been displaced from their homes and forced to live as refugees in their host societies until now. They dispersed not only into Syria's neighboring countries but throughout the world, guided by their connections to relatives, tribes, religions, and ethnicities. In particular, the flow of Syrian refugees has become a major social problem in Europe. This so-called "Refugee Crisis" has created cracks between those countries which accepted many refugees from a humanitarian aspect, such as Germany and Sweden, and countries which refused to welcome refugees such as those in East Europe; this shook the solidarity of the European Union (EU). In addition, the rise of Islamophobia and the concomitant rise of far-right political parties that claim to be anti-immigration are also important when discussing European immigrant policy. This article focuses on the cases of Germany and Sweden, who are the major host countries, and discusses how their national regimes and immigrant policies affect their acceptance of Syrian refugees. Chapter 1 outlines how Europe responded to the Syrian refugee crisis during 2015– 2016. Chapter 2 examines the relationship between immigrants and the welfare state regimes in Germany and Sweden. Finally, Chapter 3 discusses what kind of refugee-support activities are being undertaken in the field in Berlin and Stockholm