Notes for genera: Ascomycota

Knowledge of the relationships and thus the classification of fungi, has developed rapidly with increasingly widespread use of molecular techniques, over the past 10-15 years, and continues to accelerate. Several genera have been found to be polyphyletic, and their generic concepts have subsequently been emended. New names have thus been introduced for species which are phylogenetically distinct from the type species of particular genera. The ending of the separate naming of morphs of the same species in 2011, has also caused changes in fungal generic names. In order to facilitate access to all important changes, it was desirable to compile these in a single document. The present article provides a list of generic names of Ascomycota (approximately 6500 accepted names published to the end of 2016), including those which are lichen-forming. Notes and summaries of the changes since the last edition of ‘Ainsworth & Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi’ in 2008 are provided. The notes include the number of accepted species, classification, type species (with location of the type material), culture availability, life-styles, distribution, and selected publications that have appeared since 2008. This work is intended to provide the foundation for updating the ascomycete component of the “Without prejudice list of generic names of Fungi” published in 2013, which will be developed into a list of protected generic names. This will be subjected to the XIXth International Botanical Congress in Shenzhen in July 2017 agreeing to a modification in the rules relating to protected lists, and scrutiny by procedures determined by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF). The previously invalidly published generic names Barriopsis, Collophora (as Collophorina), Cryomyces, Dematiopleospora, Heterospora (as Heterosporicola), Lithophila, Palmomyces (as Palmaria) and Saxomyces are validated, as are two previously invalid family names, Bartaliniaceae and Wiesneriomycetaceae. Four species of Lalaria, which were invalidly published are transferred to Taphrina and validated as new combinations. Catenomycopsis Tibell & Constant. is reduced under Chaenothecopsis Vain., while Dichomera Cooke is reduced under Botryosphaeria Ces. & De Not. (Art. 59).Dayarathne would like to thank the Thailand Research Fund (TRF) grant no RSA5980068 entitled Biodiversity, phylogeny and role of fungal endophytes on above parts of Rhizophora apiculata and Nypa fruticans, National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT) entitled Diseases of mangrove trees and maintenance of good forestry practice (Grant number: 60201000201) and Mae Fah Luang University grant “Biodiversity, phylogeny and role of fungal endophytes of Pandanaceae” (Grant number: 592010200112). Hugo Madrid was funded by Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (CONICYT), Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT), Chile, project no. 11140562.” Rafael F. Castañeda-Ruiz is grateful to the Organización Superior de Dirección Empresarial, Grupo Agrícola, (OSDE) from the Cuban Ministry of Agriculture and “Programa de Salud Animal y Vegetal”, project P131LH003033. Dong Qin Dai would like to thank the Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province Universities of the Diversity and Ecological Adaptive Evolution for Animals and plants on Yun-Gui Plateau for the support. Ka-Lai Pang thanks Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan for financial support (105-2621-B-019 -002-). Guo Zhu Zhao was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31570019). Mingkwan Doilom acknowledges the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program (PHD./0072/2553 in 4.S.M.F./53/A.2. K. Tanaka would like to thank the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS; 26291084 and 16K07474). Walter P. Pfliegler was supported through the ÚNKP--16--4--IV New National Excellence Program of the Hungarian Ministry of Human Capacities. Samantha C. Karunarathna thanks Yunnan Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security funded postdoctoral project (number 179122) for supporting his postdoctoral research study. The authors extend their appreciation to the International Scientific Partnership Program ISPP at King Saud University for funding this research work through ISPP#0089. KC Rajeshkumar thanks SERB, DST, Government of India for providing financial support under the project YSS/2015/001590 and Dr. K. M. Paknikar, Director, ARI for providing the facility. Mats Wedin thanks the Swedish Research Council, grants VR 621-2012-3990 and VR 2016-03589. Alan JL Phillips acknowledges the support from Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI, FCT/UID/ Multi/04046/2013). L. Selbmann, L. Zucconi and S. Onofri thank the Italian National Program for Antarctic Researches (PNRA) for the financial support. The Italian National Antarctic Museum (MNA) is acknowledged for supporting the Mycological Section and the Culture Collection of Fungi from Extreme Environments (CCFEE)