Interaksi minoritas-mayoritas di sekolah: studi terhadap proses adaptasi, negosiasi, dan pembentukan identitas siswa minoritas dalam ekosistem sosial pendidikan

This dissertation examines the interaction model of students of religious minority in their adaptation with students of religious majority. It also explores the ways in which they carry out the negotiation and form the identity. In doing so, the study has three research questions: (1) how do the minority students adapt?; (2) how do they negotiate?; and (3) how do they form their identity among the majority in the classroom, in the school environment and with educational policies? This study is a qualitative research using interdisciplinary approach. The locus and research participants are the minority students at Senior High Schools of Surabaya, Gresik, and Mojokerto. The data are collected using observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The result findings show that (1) the minority students adapt with the majority students in order to survive within the new environment. The adaptation takes place in classroom trough questions regarding religious issues during personal introduction; trough sharing and exchanging religious knowledge and understanding during the break and spare time. Adaptation is carried out trough identification of differences between minority and majority students. (2) Negotiation is conducted by the minority students in order to be accepted by their new environment. The negotiations occur gradually using the habituation process on symbolic religious acts; the negotiation also is shown as a win-win approach shown by ‘mutual’ act as well as the open interactions in the virtual meeting. Negotiation also is shown in a firmer and more assertive approach which includes clear statement/firm expression on their identity to the majority. (3) The identities of minority students in their schools are built through the innate values indicated by names; through symbols represented by accessories worn by minority students, and through religious expressions shown by the verbal expression on religious celebration. The identity forming also includes expression on prayer-related acts and manners as well as expressing congratulations on religious festivals. This dissertation concludes that the interaction of students of religious minority in their attempts carrying out the adaptation is through assimilation and accommodation. In addition, the negotiation is conducted through step by step negotiation, win-win negotiation, and clear negotiation. Furthermore, the identity forming of the minority students is conducted through religious expression indicated by the emergence of the innate identity, the religious symbol expression and spontaneous expressions with verbal communication, attitudes, and behaviors