Senzorna i fizikalno-kemijska kakvoća popečaka od bakalara obogaćenih atlantskom skušom

Research background. It is desirable to increase the consumption of pelagic fish rich in long-chain omega-3 fatty acids. Partial replacement of traditionally used white fish species by pelagic fish will increase the content of omega-3 fatty acids, and thus improve the nutritional value but it may also affect the consumer acceptance. The aim of this study is to assess the physicochemical and sensory quality of novel fish cake prototypes prepared from haddock and mackerel mince. Experimental approach. Fillets of haddock and Atlantic mackerel were used as raw material for preparation of fish cakes. The fish fillets were minced, mixed together (in haddock/mackerel mass ratio of 100:0, 75:25 and 50:50%) with salt, potato starch, pepper and full fat milk. Physicochemical and sensory analyses were further performed. Results and conclusions. The fatty acid composition analysis showed that the recommended daily intake of 250 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid can easily be reached by consumption of fish cakes enriched with mackerel. The oxidation levels of all fish cakes were low in terms of peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance assay (TBARS). Fish cakes prepared with higher mass fraction of mackerel mince (>50%) had significantly (p50%) fish cakes due to higher myoglobin content in the fish muscle. Moreover, fish cakes with higher amount of mackerel mince had increased yellowness due to the accumulation of water-soluble (r=0.990, p<0.05) and fat-soluble (r=0.976, p<0.05) TBARS. Metabolites relevant for taste and quality were quantified by using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The mass fraction of anserine, trimethylamine oxide and β-alanine decreased, while the mass fraction of histidine, glutamic acid and alanine increased with the addition of mackerel. Sensory tests have shown the addition of mackerel did not reduce consumer acceptability towards the new fish cakes. Novelty and scientific contribution. The research demonstrated that Atlantic mackerel can be successfully used for partial replacement of white fish species in fish cake formulations to produce healthy and tasty ready-to-cook products and increase the consumption of small pelagic fish in Europe.Pozadina istraživanja. Bilo bi poželjno povećati udjel pelagične ribe bogate dugolančanim omega-3 masnim kiselinama u prehrani. Djelomičnom zamjenom tradicionalno korištene bijele ribe pelagičnom ribom povećao bi se udjel omega-3 masnih kiselina, a time i hranjiva vrijednost proizvoda, no to može utjecati na prihvatljivost proizvoda kod potrošača. Svrha je ovoga rada bila procijeniti fizikalno-kemijska i senzorna svojstva ribljih popečaka, pripremljenih prema novim recepturama od smjese bakalara i skuše. Eksperimentalni pristup. Fileti bakalara i atlantske skuše korišteni su kao sirovina za pripremu ribljih popečaka. Fileti su samljeveni, pomiješani u omjerima bakalara i skuše od 100:0, 75:25 i 50:50, dodani su im sol, krumpirov škrob, papar i punomasno mlijeko, te su ispitana fizikalno-kemijska i senzorna svojstva dobivenih popečaka. Rezultati i zaključci. Analiza sastava masnih kiselina pokazala je da se preporučena dnevna doza od 250 mg eikozapentaenoične i dokozaheksaenoične kiseline može vrlo lako postići konzumacijom ribljih popečaka obogaćenih skušom. Peroksidni broj i udjel reaktivnih spojeva tiobarbiturne kiseline potvrdili su da je stupanj oksidacije svih uzoraka popečaka bio nizak. Riblji popečci s većim udjelom mesa skuše (50 %) imali su bitno (p<0.05) mekaniju teksturu od ostalih uzoraka zbog većeg udjela masti. Osim toga, ti su uzorci bili tamniji od onih s većim udjelom bakalara (50 %), zbog većeg udjela mioglobina u mišiću ribe. Povrh svega, riblji popečci s većim udjelom mljevene skuše imali su intenzivniju žutu boju zbog nakupljanja reaktivnih spojeva tiobarbiturne kiseline topljivih u vodi (r=0.990, p<0.05) i u masti (r=0.976, p