ASM3 extended for two-step nitrification–denitrification: a model reduction for sequencing batch reactors

BACKGROUND: The ASM3 extended for two-step nitrification–denitrification represents the most accurate model for the description of the activated sludge process with nitrate bypass nitrification–denitrification. This model includes 20 reaction rates, 15 state variables, and more than 35 parameters, which make its calculation costly and difficult to estimate. The lack of a fast and accurate model able to predict both concentration of nitrite and nitrate over time is the principal obstacle for efficient model-based optimization and model-based control. RESULTS: In this work, a fast and accurate model for the activated sludge process in a sequencing batch reactor is proposed. For this purpose, the ASM3 extended for two-step nitrification–denitrification, a 15-state variable model built for a general description of the ASP, is reduced to match the specific conditions of sequencing batch reactor systems with shortcut biological nitrogen removal to a nine-state model and then further to a six-state and five-state model under appropriate assumptions. The proposed model maintains the two-step nitrification–denitrification process feature of the original model and can thus describe the bypass of nitrate, showing increased tractability and lower computer costs. Different approaches for model reduction together with an exhaustive analysis of the extended ASM3 model as well as the process are discussed. CONCLUSIONS: The resulting model with only five differential equations reduces the calculation time by up to one order of magnitude, while maintaining a high description accuracy, demonstrating the advantages of model reduction