The prevalence of polyvascular disease in patients with carotid artery disease and peripheral artery disease

Background: Cardiovascular disease remains the major cause of mortality in the Western World. Aims: We aimed to assess the prevalence of polyvascular disease in patients with carotid artery disease and peripheral artery disease (PAD), and to determine the risk profile of patients with polyvascular disease. Methods: The study included 1045 consecutive patients presenting to our department with carotid disease or PAD. Demographic characteristics, anthropometric parameters, and data on cardiovascular risk factors were collected in all patients. On the basis of medical history, patients were classified into those who had only symptomatic carotid disease or symptomatic PAD and those who had symptomatic polyvascular disease. Results: Carotid disease alone was reported in 366 participants (35%), PAD alone, in 199 (19%), and polyvascular disease, in 480 (46%). Compared with carotid disease, PAD was more often a component of polyvascular disease (P = 0.002) and was combined with a higher number of other atherosclerotic diseases (P = 0.02). Compared with patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic disease in only 1 territory, patients with various types of polyvascular disease more often had hypertension (P from 0.03 to < 0.001), dyslipidemia (P < 0.001), high‑sensitivity C‑reactive protein levels of 3 mg/l or higher (P = 0.005), and more often were current smokers (P < 0.001) or former smokers (P from 0.03 to 0.001). Conclusions: We showed a high prevalence of symptomatic polyvascular disease in patients with carotid disease or PAD. The risk profile was worse in patients with polyvascular disease than in those with a disease in a single vascular territory