Spatial variability assessment on the high-resolution chlorophyll-a extraction from landsat 8 and sentinel 2 imageries in Johor waters

High resolution Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) can indicate the trophic status of the water and provide useful information on optical features of water body in water quality monitoring. Remote sensing has great potential to offer the spatial and temporal coverage needed. Over the last decades the SeaWIFS and MODIS were applied, but not suitable due to the low spatial resolution for monitoring Chl-a in coastal area. However, the retrieval of Chl-a in the coastal region is usually challenging due to the other in-water substances regardless of Chl-a, hence resulting in the satellite retrieved Chl-a overestimation. By the advancement of the Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 satellites, continuous high resolution optical imageries have served for remarkable coastal mapping capability thanks to the spectroscopic capability certain spectral bands and as high as 10-meter spatial resolution. This paper aims to evaluate the performance of the SEADASS and SNAP processor for Chl-a estimation from the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) data in Johor waters. The representative models, in standard algorithm OC3 and C2RCC, were adapted to retrieve Chl-a concentration. The statistical regression has shown that these algorithms give an acceptable Chl-a estimation at medium and high resolution with R2 = 0.44 from OC3 and R2 = 0.55 from C2RCC comparing to the in-situ data. Despite of the spatial, temporal and spectral variability, this paper shows that OLI and MSI could provide Chl-a mapping capability at suitable Chl-a estimation techniques