Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance Syndrome among Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial, polygenic and multisystem endocrine disorder affecting women in reproductive age. Our study accessed the prevalence and pattern of metabolic syndrome components in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Characteristics of our study participants: The average age of the study population was 26.88 years. Among the study population, 40% were between the ages of 18 and 25 years, 41.67 percent were between the ages of 26 and 30 years, and 18.33 percent were between the ages of 31 and 35 years. In our study population with presentation, 50% were MEN IRR, 40% were PR INF, and 8.33% were SEC INF. Menstrual syp was experienced by 84.17% of the study population. Hirsutism was found in 18.33% of the participants. • The mean S.TGL was 114.43 ± 20.45, the mean S.HDL was 51.45 ± 6.55, the mean S.LDL was 97.46 ± 16.85, the mean Total Cholesterol was 161.93 ± 19.68, and the mean FBS was 93.97 ± 16.68 in the study population. The mean Diastolic Blood Pressure among our respondents was 91.68 ± 20.6, and the mean Systolic Blood Pressure was 108.3 ± 21.23. • Our Present study shows that 37.5% of women with metabolic syndrome had PCOS. This is closely related to the observations of 33.4% and 47.3% prevalence made by Ehrmann [et al.] and Dokras [et al.] respectively. Apridonidze [et al.] found a 43 percent prevalence rate in a study of 106 women with PCOS. They also demonstrated that the majority of PCOS women present clinically. Glueck [et al.] reported a 46% incidence of metabolic syndrome in a group of 138 women with confirmed PCOS. In our study 31 years and above age group has 68.2% metabolic syndrome. The age adjusted prevalence of MBS has shown that women in between 25-35 years have the highest prevalence (54%) of MBS. Studies by Dey Ramprasad [et al.] also shows a high prevalence of 71.5% in the same age group. • In our study population, those who had metabolic syndrome, the mean FBS was 102.31 ± 18, the mean DBP was 97.47 ± 20.79, the mean SBP was 112.58 ± 19.77. The difference in mean of SBP between study group was not statistically significant. (p value 0.087). The difference in mean of FBS, DBP between study group was statistically significant (p value <0.05). • Indu [et al.] found that, with a significant p value of 0.04, there was an association between USG findings and PCOS. This suggests that USG can be a helpful modality in diagnosing PCOS. 31.6% had a high SBP of > 130mm of Hg while 37.3% had high DBP of > 85mm of Hg and there is a 100% significant association of high BP with PCOS. 87.8% of the cases had fasting level more than 110, which shows significant association between fasting blood sugar level with metabolic syndrome (p value = 0.001). • In our study population, those who had metabolic syndrome, the mean S.TGL was 123.71 ± 26.12, the mean S.HDL was 45.84 ± 5.71, the mean S.LDL was 106.95 ± 20.37, the mean total cholesterol was 165.47 ± 27.52. The difference in mean of S.TGL, S.HDL, S.LDL between study group was statistically significant. (p value 50 in control, which shows significant association between HDL with metabolic syndrome (p = 0.0001). Bharatbha [et al.] have also found similar positive associations with a low HDL (<50 mg/dL) being seen in 91.7 % cases studied. • In our study, those who had metabolic syndrome, the mean height was 154.56 ± 3.19, the mean weight was 76.2 ± 13.46, the mean BMI was 31.96 ± 5.66, the mean waist circumference was 97.02 ± 9.48. The difference in mean of weight, height, weight circumference between study group was statistically significant. (p value < 0.001). The difference in mean of height between study group was not statistically significant (p value 0.925). Similar study was found by Ehrmann [et al.] it was found that among their cohort of 394 women with PCOS, women in the highest quartile for BMI had a 14-fold increased chance of having the Metabolic Syndrome. CONCLUSION: In the current study, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 37.5 percent, accounting for more than one-third of the women diagnosed with PCOS. This implies that it is mandatory to screen all the women with PCOS for features of metabolic syndrome. According to our findings, age above 30 years and the presence of central obesity (waist–hip ratio > 0.85) were identified as risk factors for metabolic syndrome. There is a association between PCOS and high blood pressure, HDL levels, elevated FBS, TGL, and consistent USG findings. These findings can be used to develop a screening policy for metabolic syndrome, particularly in low-resource settings in developing countries