A Comparative study between Placental Laterality and Platelet Indices as a Predictor for the Development of Pre Eclampsia

INTRODUCTION: Preeclampsia is a multisystem progressive illness characterised by the start of hypertension and proteinuria in the last half of pregnancy or postpartum, or the onset of hypertension and severe end-organ failure with or without proteinuria. It's caused by placental and maternal vascular malfunction. Despite the fact that roughly 90% of cases present late preterm (34 to 37 weeks), term (37 to 42 weeks), or postpartum (42 weeks) and have good maternal, foetal, and neonatal outcomes, the mother and child are nonetheless at higher risk for significant morbidity or mortality. The other 10% of instances manifest early (34 weeks) and are associated with the added high chances of moderately preterm, very preterm, or extremely preterm birth. Patients with preeclampsia are more likely to suffer cardiovascular and renal illness in the long run. AIMS & OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to compare the usefulness of the placental laterality and platelet indices namely platelet count (PC), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width(PDW) and PC to MPV ratio as a predictor for the development of pre eclampsia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study of antenatal women of 18–24 weeks attending the OPD. STUDY DURATION: 2 years. INCLUSION CRITERIA: • Primi / Multigravida. • 18–24 weeks of gestation. • Without any high risk factors in present as well as previous pregnancies. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Patients with • Chronic hypertension • Essential hypertension • Diabetes mellitus • Thyrotoxicosis • Renal disease • Severe anemia • Connective tissue disorder • Rh negative • Obesity • Family H/O PIH • Twins DATA COLLECTION: • Detailed obstetric history. • Detailed clinical examination. • USG – laterality of placenta. • Platelet indices – platelet count (PC), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW) and PC to MPV ratio. DATA COLLECTION: • 200 samples were taken. • In 100 samples , placental location was seen • In 100 samples, platelet indices were seen Duration of the Study: September 2019 to September 2021 in Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital are included in the study. CONCLUSION: In present study, The platelet count and placental laterality is abnormal for 17% and 74% respectively. Ultrasonography is a simple, non-invasive, easy to perform and cost effective test for placental localization. There was a significant association that was found between laterality of placenta and development of PIH. The laterally located placenta is associated with increased risk of developing preeclampsia. Therefore, looking for placental laterality at the time of a mandatory antenatal ultrasound scanning (level II) may serve as a non- invasive test to predict preeclampsia