Add to ORKGInternational audienceThis paper focuses on three key concepts of the anthropological theory of the didactic, after giving an idea of the basic principles of the theory, namely: institution, praxeology and transposition. An understanding of praxeology, being a general model for socially-acknowledged cognitive resources with examples coming from different contexts, is presented. I looked at examples from mathematics and automatic control in the first part and dressmaking in the second part. In both parts, the movements of praxeologies between different institutions and their transpositive effects are discussed. General models of such processes are also provided. I conclude by questioning an anthropology issue of reference to academic mathema...