Political Disputes Over the Social Role of Art in the Post-World War II Period

Razdoblje koje je uslijedilo nakon razaranja i pogibije Drugog svjetskog rata nije dovelo do primirja. Iako nikada nije prerastao u veći oružani sukob, Hladni rat prožeo je ljudsku svakodnevicu napetošću i neizvjesnošću. Tenzije između dviju sukobljenih velesila, kapitalističkog SAD-a i komunističkog SSSR-a, mogu se iščitati u svim područjima tadašnjeg javnog i privatnog života. Zanimljivi obrati događali su se u sferi tadašnje kulture i umjetnosti. Već od samog početka Hladnog rata kultura je prepoznata kao sredstvo kojim se masama može približiti određena ideologija s ciljem širenja njenog utjecaja. Kulturni utjecaji u period Hladnog rata najčešće se razmatraju kroz dihotomije američke apstrakcije i sovjetskog soc-realizma. Precizne dihotomije jednim dijelom je moguće iščitavati u ranim godinama Hladnog rata u SAD-u, koji je provodio jasnu antikomunističku politiku, i u SSSR-u. koji je proglasio doktrinu soc-realizma. Međutim u ostalim zemljama svijeta, u kojima su na različite načine SAD i SSSR pokušavali proširiti svoju prevlast, kulturni utjecaji su bili hibridni. Kao rezultat toga, zanimljivi kulturni i umjetnički amalgami stvoreni su u Europi koja je imala svoju stoljetnu kulturnu tradiciju i koja se u poslijeratnom vremenu previrala između istočnih i zapadnih utjecaja. Jedinstveni umjetnički pokreti, kao reakcija na realnost poslijeratnog vremena, stvoreni su i u Aziji, Južnoj Americi i Africi. Uzimajući u obzir umjetničku produkciju različitih zemalja svijeta u vremenu ranog Hladnog rata, cilj je ukazati na važnost kulture u ideološkom sukobu koji je obilježio vrijeme nakon Drugog svjetskog rata.The period that followed the destruction and demise of World War II did not lead to a truce. Although it never escalated into a major armed conflict, the Cold War permeated everyday life with tension and uncertainty. Tensions between the two conflicting superpowers, the capitalist United States and the communist USSR, can be read in all areas of public and private life at the time. Interesting changes took place in the sphere of culture and art at that time. From the very beginning of the Cold War, culture has been recognized as a means by which a certain ideology can approach the masses with the aim of spreading its influence. Cultural influences during the Cold War are most often considered through the dichotomies of American abstraction and Soviet Social Realism. Precise dichotomies can be read in part in the early years of the Cold War in the United States, which pursued a clear anti-communist policy, and in the USSR. who proclaimed the doctrine of Social Realism. However, in other countries of the world, where the United States and the Soviet Union tried in different ways to expand their dominance, cultural influences were hybrid. As a result, interesting cultural and artistic amalgams were created in Europe, which had its own centuries-old cultural tradition and which in the post-war period was torn between Eastern and Western influences. Unique artistic movements, as a reaction to the reality of the post-war period, were also created in Asia, South America and Africa. Taking into account the artistic production of different countries of the world during the early Cold War, the aim is to point out the importance of culture in the ideological conflict that marked the time after the Second World War