Authority and authenticity. Sharia councils, muslim women's rights and the English courts

This paper focuses on the role and rationale of Sharia Councils in Britain (in particular in the issuance of ‘Islamic' divorce certificates to Muslim women), and considers questions of authority and authenticity in their operative frameworks from an Islamic jurisprudential perspective including Siyar and Fiqh-al-Aqalliyat. Focusing on British Sunni Muslims of Pakistani ethnicity, the paper poses the question that since ‘Islamic laws' are susceptible to interpretative plurality, who determines what constitutes ‘authentic' Islamic law in the absence of an identifiable ‘authority', at least within the Sunni Islamic legal traditions? Is there a tangible socio-religious requirement for British Muslim communities to have a parallel quasi-legal system for dispute resolution? How do responses to these questions frame the assumed central role currently fulfilled by Sharia Councils, and what are the alternatives? In the context of Sharia Councils, this paper argues that whilst some will approach these institutions entirely of their own volition exercising agency, autonomy and/or fulfillment of their religious obligations, their very existence and lack of ‘Islamic' alternatives pressurises women to use such forums to obtain ‘acceptance' from their families and communities