Numerical study on a KVLCC2 model advancing in shallow water

Due to the effects from the bottom of the waterway, advancing ships will sink deeper in shallow water than in deep water. This is known as squat effect, which increases with the speed of the vessel. The aim of the present paper is to provide a numerical method to predict the shallow water effects. The 3-D boundary element method is firstly applied to simulate a KVLCC2 model advancing in confined water. The wave-making resistance, as well as the sinkage and trim are calculated at different water depths. In order to verify the predictions from BEM program, CFD calculations in deep water will also be conducted and compared. Special efforts are made to calculate the wave elevations. The wave profiles at different water depths and distances are calculated. The comparisons between shallow water and deep water, as well as between the BEM and CFD programs, are also discussed in the present paper. Additionally, some comparison of the wave profiles with available experimental results is presented for validation of the approaches