Duty cycle control with joint optimisation of delay and energy efficiency for capillary machine-to-machine networks in 5G communication system

A hybrid network architecture has been proposed for machine-to-machine (M2M) communications in the fifth generation wireless systems, where M2M gateways connect the capillary networks and cellular networks. In this paper, we develop novel energy efficient and end-to-end delay duty cycle control scheme for controllers at the gateway and the capillary networks coordinator. We first formulate a duty cycle control problem with joint-optimisation of energy consumption and end-to-end delay. Then, a distributed duty cycle control scheme is proposed. The proposed scheme consists of two parts (i) a transmission policy, which decides the optimal number of packets to be transmitted between M2M devices, coordinators and gateways; and (ii) a duty cycle control for IEEE 802.15.4. We analytically derived the optimal duty cycle control and developed algorithms to compute the optimal duty cycle. It is to increase the feasibility of implementing the control on computation-limited devices where a suboptimal low complexity rollout algorithm-based duty cycle control (RADutyCon) is proposed. The simulation results show that RADutyCon achieves an exponential reduction of the computation complexity as compared with that of the optimal duty cycle control. The simulation results show that RADutyCon performs close to the optimal control, and it performs no worse than the heuristic base control