GIS and participatory approaches in natural resources research

Geographical information systems (GIS) have an important role to play in natural resources (NR) research to support rural livelihoods, in particular, and pro-poor development more generally. In this Guide we do not attempt to address the whole range of issues associated with applications of GIS in development, but address specific questions relating to: stakeholder and beneficiary participation in the data collection process; participation in the planning process: assessment of planning and management options, conflicts and development scenarios; integration of social and natural science information using spatial databases in natural resources research and development. A rationale is presented for the integration of GIS and participatory approaches, highlighting the needs for close interdisciplinary collaboration and the application of GIS to development processes through interaction with local stakeholders. The issues involved are illustrated by examples of participatory GIS applications, and by practical case studies in Brazil, Tanzania and Uganda, and Ghana (found at the end of the Guide), and literature-based' examples from South Africa. The basic requirements for making effective use of GIS are discussed along with, in an interdisciplinary, participatory context, the methodological issues involved in data collection, integration of biophysical and socio-economic data, data management, and data feedback and availability to stakeholders. Areas for further research and development are considered and overall recommendations on best practice are made. A glossary of terms used in GIS and participatory approaches in NR research is provided at the end of this Guide along with a list of further reading and a contact list. Guidance is also provided on suitability and cost-effective choice of hardware and software for GIS and participatory approaches