Optimisation of aspects of rotor blades in forward flight

This work presents a method for the optimisation of aspects of rotor blade shape in forward flight. The proposed technique employs CFD in conjunction with artificial neural networks (ANNs) and genetic algorithms (GAs). The developed method was used to optimise the anhedral and sweep of the UH60-A rotor blade in forward flight. A parameterisation method was defined, a specific objective function was created using the initial CFD data and the metamodel was used for evaluating the objective function during the optimisation. The obtained results suggest optima in agreement with engineering intuition but provide precise information about the shape of the final lifting surface and its performance. The results were checked using different optimisation methods and metamodels and were not sensitive to the employed techniques with substantial overlap between the outputs of the selected methods. The main CPU cost was associated with populating the CFD database necessary for the metamodel