Warm air conveyor belts (WCB) are ascending air streams in mid-latitude storms. They transport warm and moist air from the tropics to the high latitudes and are the site of most cloud diabatic processes. These processes modify the upper-level dynamics by injecting negative potential vortex (PV) anomalies into the WCB outflow, which reinforce the waveguide governing the general circulation. Their representation is a source of forecast errors downstream, especially over Europe. While WCBs are predominantly considered as slow continuous slantwise ascents, recent studies have revealed the existence of fast convective ascents in WCBs whose impact on upper-level dynamics is still debated. The reduction of forecast uncertainties motivated the NAWD...