Microbiological degradation of oil in the marine environment

Nafta se koristi kao izvora za dobivanje goriva već od 1860. godine, te se njezina eksploatcija povećava sa godinama. Razlog tomu je što, se otkrićem njezinih derivata i njihovom preradom, dolazi do njihovog korištenja u proizvodima za svakodnevni život poput plastike, odjeće, namještaja, izolacija, kuhinjskih potrepština, automobila, pa čak i u hrani. S povećanjem potražnje nafte u industriji dolazi do izrazitog povećanja njene eksploatacije iz tla koja se kasnije proširuje i u morski okoliš. Nažalost s povećanjem eksploatacije dolazi do povećanog rizika zagađenja i havarija koje mogu imati katastrofalne posljedice u okolišu u kojem se dogode. Zato prijašnje (fizičke i kemijske) metode postaju sve neprihvatljivije u ekološkim krugovima, te dolazi istraživanja i razvitka bioloških metoda. One koriste mikroorganizme i biljke koje imaju sposobnost razgradnje nafte i njenih derivata, te mogućnost obogaćivanja i obnove zagađene okoline.Oil has been used as a fuel source since 1860, and its exploitation has increased with age. The reason is that, with the discovery of its derivatives and their processing, they are used in everyday life products such as plastics, clothing, furniture, insulation, kitchen supplies, cars and even food. With the increase in oil demand in industry, there is a marked increase in its exploitation from the soil, which later expands into the marine environment. Unfortunately, with increased exploitation, there is an increased risk of pollution and damage, which can have catastrophic consequences in the environment in which they occur. That is why the previous (physical and chemical) methods are becoming more and more unacceptable in ecological circles, and the research and development of biological methods is more favoured. They use microorganisms and plants that have the ability to break down oil and its derivatives, and the ability to enrich and restore polluted environments