The didactic study focuses on the ("external") determinations and ("internal") constraints concerning number systems (decimal, rational, real) that delimit the field of possibilities in the training of school teachers.The first part, using mainly Chevallard's anthropological theory, analyses the evolution of knowledge in the institution of teacher training. Textbooks are considered as an institution of teacher training. From this point of view, two levels in the didactic transposition are highlighted: on the one hand, the production by mathematicians - or people close to the scholarly sphere - of ‘traités’, the purpose of which is to 'element' the knowledge to be taught, to identify and organise its elements; on the other hand, the creation...