This thesis treats the optimization under constraints of high-dimensional black-box problems. Common in industrial applications, they frequently have an expensive associated cost which make most of the off-the-shelf techniques impractical. In order to come back to a tractable setup, the dimension of the problem is often reduced using different techniques such as sensitivity analysis. A novel sensitivity index is proposed in this work to distinct influential and negligible subsets of inputs in order to obtain a more tractable problem by solely working with the primer. Our index, relying on the Hilbert Schmidt independence criterion, provides an insight on the impact of a variable on the performance of the output or constraints satisfaction, ...