Artificial turfs as an environmentally hazardous activity : A survey of the work carried out by Sweden's municipalities to reduce the emissions of microplastics

In Sweden exist about 1200 artificial turfs. Artificial turfs contain a layer of rubber granulates, which counts as microplastics and can emit to the environment. The emitted amount is uncertain but estimated to 475 tons/year. According to Swedish environmental code, artificial turfs can be classified as an environmental hazardous activity and the operators have a responsibility to reduce emissions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the work being done to reduce microplastic emissions from artificial turfs operated by Sweden’s municipalities and how it relates to the general rules of consideration in the environmental code. A web-survey was sent to all municipalities in Sweden. The result indicated that there is a high level of awareness of the problem among the municipalities. 68% have identified pathways for rubber granulates from the artificial turfs to the environment. Most common identified pathways were players, via stormwater and snow clearance. 87% have taken protective measures to reduce emissions. Most common measures taken were hard surface around the turf, granulate traps/filter in stormwater wells and collection areas for snow. Some municipalities are also testing and investigating alternative infill material. A majority were aware of the Swedish environmental protection agency’s guidance. The general rules of consideration were applicable to reduce emissions of microplastic. The reuse of rubber granulates when refilling the turfs and the investigation for alternative infill material could increase. Knowledge and insight among the operators, players and maintenance are key factors to limit the emissions along with proper protective measures