Thread-like particles in sheared suspensions.

The flow properties of a liquid containing particles in suspension differ from those of the pure liquid in a number of ways which depend principally on the characteristics and concentration of the particles. In the presence of velocity gradients the particles undergo translational and rotational motions, and cause disturbances of the field of flow. In laminar shear flow, the disturbances cause local increases in the velocity gradient; these result in an increase in the rate of dissipation of energy and are manifested in an increase in the viscosity of the suspension over that of the pure suspending liquid (without particles)