Electrokinetic measurements of fibrous materials.

Stream current, electro-osmotic flow, conductance, and permeability measurements were carried out on a cylindrical pads composed of different fibrous materials over a range of solid concentrations. The Z-potentials calculated from stream current and electro-osmotic measurements on the same pad were shown to be identical. Some deficiencies of the bubble flowmeter used to meaure the electro-osmotic flow were investigated and explained theoretically; a new type of flowmeter, free from these defects, was proposed