Comparison of innovation policies for electric vehicle business ecosystems

Shift away from fossil fuel-based transportation is challenging countries to develop strategies for electric vehicle deployment. The transition offers countries also strategic opportunities in growing markets. Policy incentives are commonly used to help sustainability enhancing technologies to succeed in their journey from labs to markets. Electric vehicles are not standalone but require an ecosystem of related products, services and infrastructure and cannot be considered only from the transportation sector point of view. This paper compares electric vehicle innovation policies in four Nordic countries. The results show how different positions in the electric vehicle ecosystem these countries have chosen and how their choices reflect their economies.Peer reviewe