A Study on Application of Ecological Environment Planning in Farmroad and Waterway Renewal in Taiwan

早期農地重劃區之農路及灌排水路由於功能已無法滿足現代化農業 經營之要求；因此政府乃於民國77 年起進行「早期農地重劃區農水路更 新改善計畫」，強調農路運輸之便利性與水路輸排水之效益性，及考量結 構體材質之耐久性與安定性，而將農路予以拉直、拓寬並鋪設碎石級配 鋪面，水路則以混凝土U 型溝施設。如此雖能符合現代化農業經營之需 要，然因未能顧及農村生態環境之維護，造成農水路廊道之生態功能盡 失。 基於此，本研究以早期農地重劃區農水路更新改善應用生態環境規 劃為研究主題，探討現行農水路更新改善工程執行成效及衍生問題，及 其對生態環境維護之功能，並歸納彙整生態環境規劃之理論，建立農水 路更新改善應用生態環境規劃之評估項目及項目內之阻抗權值，再透過 問卷調查與分析，篩選適合評估農水路更新改善應用生態環境規劃之準 則項目及計算準則項目之權重值，並將評估準則項目搭配運用農水路廊 道之阻抗權值及旅行成本等量化計算模式，分析阿丹（四）早期農地重 劃區於農水路更新改善前後之廊道阻抗權值及旅行成本變化情形，與詳 究其影響因素，俾供往後進行農水路更新改善規劃設計與相關研究之參 考。 研究結果發現阿丹（四）農地重劃區農路及灌排水路於改善後之廊 道旅行成本均呈現增加現象，其中農路廊道旅行成本增加原因以農路鋪 面材質及阻隔帶寬度兩準則項目影響最為明顯；灌排水路則以渠堤坡度 設計及渠堤材質應用兩準則項目影響最為明顯。Since the farm roads and waterways in the farmland consolidation areas on early days could not meet the requirements for modern agricultural management, the government implemented a “Project of Renovating and Improving the Farmroads and Waterways in the Previous Farmland Readjustment Areas” in 1988. Transportation convenience of the farm roads and efficiency of the waterways were emphasized. Durability and stability of the structural materials were taken into consideration. Consequently, farm roads were straightened, broadened and paved with gravel and the waterways were constructed into U-shaped ditches made of concrete. Though the requirements for modern agricultural management were met; however, the ecological environment in the rural areas was not maintained causing the loss of the ecological function of the corridors of the farm roads and waterways. Accordingly, innovations and improvement on the farm roads and waterways in the previous farmland readjustment areas applying eco-environment planning and design became the subject of this study. The performance of carrying out projects for renovating and improving the current farm roads and waterways and the problems derived as well as their functions of maintaining the ecological environment were investigated. Theories of eco-environment planning and design were generalized and integrated to establish the evaluation factors and the resistance weights. Next, a questionnaire survey was conducted and analyzed for the selection of the criteria and their weights for innovation and improvement of the farm roads and waterways applying eco-environment planning and design. Combination of the evaluation criteria and a quantified calculation model, including the resistance weights and the travel cost of the corridors of the farm roads and waterways revealed the changes of the resistance weights and the travel cost before and after renovating and improving the farm roads and waterways in the previous farmland consolidation area in A-dan (4). Influential factors were further investigated so as to serve as a reference for future planning and design and related studies on innovation and improvement in farm roads and waterways. It was found that the travel cost of corridors increased before and after improving the farm roads and waterways in the farmland readjustment area in A-dan (4). Two criteria, the pavior (pavement material) on the farm roads and the width of the separation zone, played the most significant role for the increase in the travel cost of the corridors. As for the waterways, design of the ditch gradient and the material used for the ditch were two most important factors.第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究動機與目的 1 第二節 研究範圍與資料來源 3 第三節 研究方法與流程 4 第二章 理論基礎 8 第一節 農地重劃與景觀規劃 8 一、 農地重劃 8 二、 景觀規劃 13 第二節 生態工法與自然工法 17 一、 生態工法 17 二、 自然工法 23 第三節 生態道路與水路 27 一、 生態道路 27 二、 生態水路 32 第四節 小結 37 一、 農路之主要功能 37 二、 農水路更新改善應用生態環境規劃之步驟與評估項目 38 第三章 農地重劃及其更新改善之現況與問題 42 第一節 農地重劃概述 42 一、 辦理原因 43 二、 目標 44 三、 內容 45 四、 效益 45 五、 農水路使用工法與材質 46 第二節 早期農地重劃區農水路之更新改善 49 一、 辦理目標 49 二、 辦理內容 49 三、 作業程序 50 四、 辦理成果及效益 52 第三節 農地重劃及農水路更新改善問題之探討 56 一、 農地重劃之問題探討 56 二、 農水路更新改善之問題探討 57 第四章 農水路更新改善應用生態環境規劃之作法 62 第一節 農地重劃區之農路及灌排水路類型 62 一、 農路類型 62 二、 灌排水路類型 65 第二節 農路及灌排水路之生態及景觀功能 69 一、 農路之生態及景觀功能 69 二、 灌排水路之生態及景觀功能 71 第三節 兼具生態環境維護功能之農水路更新改善策略 74 一、 台灣農地重劃之發展策略 74 二、 兼具生態環境維護功能之農水路更新改善策略 75 第四節 農水路更新改善應用生態環境規劃之準則 81 一、 評估準則項目及其權重值之建立 81 二、 評估準則之內涵與步驟 89 三、 評估準則之應用 97 第五章 結論與建議 117 第一節 結論 117 第二節 建議與後續研究 120 參考文獻 122 附錄一 調查問卷 126 附錄二 農水路更新改善前後之廊道阻抗權值及旅行成本 計算 13