Studies on the Vegetation of Hershueishi and Chuengushi Watersheds

毗鄰的合水溪及椿谷溪流域位於台灣中部北港溪上游，總面積約2373公頃。區內人為干擾少，保存著豐富多樣的原始林相。本研究進行此集水區的植群調查、分類與製圖。共設置59個400 m2的樣區，調查胸徑≧1 cm的木本、地被層及附生植物，分析植群結構及多樣性，並依植群分類結果繪製植群圖。植群分類採用雙向指標種分析法(TWINSPAN)與降趨對應分析法(DCA)，共區分出3個群團、7個群叢，分別為：(Ⅰ)烏心石群團：含著生珊瑚樹－假長葉楠群叢、紫珠葉泡花－長尾尖葉櫧群叢、狗骨仔－錐果櫟群叢；(Ⅱ)三斗石櫟群團：含台灣赤楊－三斗石櫟群叢、台灣二葉松－栓皮櫟群叢；(Ⅲ)山香圓群團：含鬼石櫟－山香圓群叢、台灣雅楠－山香圓群叢。植群型分布最主要的相關環境因子為海拔高度，分布面積最大的為鬼石櫟－山香圓群叢(占25.76%)，最小的為著生珊瑚樹－假長葉楠群叢(占2.13%)。 區內共調查到151科439屬861種植物，其中為台灣的特有植物共147種，稀有植物20種，包括桫欏大金星蕨、台灣貫眾蕨、綠柄剪葉鐵角蕨、南洋紅豆杉、台灣粗榧、叢花百日青、鳳凰山茶、八角蓮、秀柱花、小葉瑞木、毛瓣石楠、馬銀花、霧社山櫻花、阿里山櫻花、台灣紅豆樹、食用土當歸、無梗忍冬、瑞岩灰木、台灣念珠藤、金釵蘭。木本物種以樟科、殼斗科、茶科、薔薇科及灰木科較多；草本物種以蘭科、鱗毛蕨科、水龍骨科、菊科及薔薇科較多。本論文之植群分類與製圖可供本區之自然保育、監測及永續經營之參考。建議將本區保持原生狀態，為續其生物多樣性。There is natural and diverse vegetation in two neighbor watersheds of Hershueishi and Chuengushi in central Taiwan. The vegetation of these areas was investigated, classified and mapped. 59 plots of 400m2 were set up, and all overstory trees (DBH≧1cm), ground vegetation and epiphytes were recorded. 3 alliances and 7 associations were classified based on TWINSPAN and DCA analyses. There are: (I) Michelia compressa ALL.: includes Viburnum arboricolum－Machilus japonica ASS., Meliosma callicarpifolia－Castanopsis cuspidata var. carlesii ASS., and Tricalysia dubia－Cyclobalanopsis longinux ASS.;(II) Pasania hancei var ternaticupula ALL.: includes Alnus formosana－Pasania hancei var ternaticupula ASS., and Pinus taiwanensis－Quercus variabilis ASS.;(III) Turpinia formosana ALL.: includes Lithocarpus castanopsisifolius－Turpinia formosana ASS., and Phoebe formosana－Turpinia formosana ASS. DCA results reveal that elevation is the major environmental factor affecting vegetation variation. Totally 861 species, belonging to 151 families and 439 genera, were recorded in those areas. Among them, 147 species are endemic plants in Taiwan, and 20 species are rare ones that have to be strictly protected. Rare species are Macrothelypteris ornate, Cytomium taiwanianum, Asplenium obscurum, Taxus sumatrana, Cephalotaxus wilsoniana, Podocarpus fasciculus, Camellia sinensis f. formosensis, Dysosma pleiantha, Eustigma oblongifolium, Corylopsis pauciflora, Photinia lasiopetala, Rhododendron ovatum var. ovatum, Prunus taiwaniana, Prunus transarisanensis, Ormosia formosana, Aralia cordata, Lonicera apodantha, Symplocos juiyenensis, Alyxia taiwanensis, and Luisia teres. Families with diverse woody species include Lauraceae, Fagaceae, Theaceae, Rosaceae, and Symplocaceae;those with diverse herb species include Orchidaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Polypodiaceae, Asteraceae, and Rosaceae. Vegetation classification and mapping of this study provide references for conservation and sustainable management of these watersheds. It is suggested to keep there areas in natural state for maintaining biodiversity.圖目次 I 表目次 II 摘要 III Abstract IV 一、前言 1 二、前人研究 2 三、研究地區概況 5 四、研究項目與方法 (一)、植物社會調查9 (二)、植群分類 9 (三)、植群圖繪製14 五、結果與討論 (一)、植物物種 15 (二)、植群類型 23 (三)、各植群型樹種之族群結構 35 (四)、各植群型之物種多樣性 45 (五)、植群圖 47 六、結語 50 七、引用文獻 52 附錄一、合水溪與椿谷溪流域之植物名錄 57 附錄二、合水溪與椿谷溪流域59個樣區之物種IVI值 86 附錄三、合水溪與椿谷溪流域之稀有植物種照片 95 附錄四、合水溪與椿谷溪流域之植群型照片 9