A Study on the Correlation between Internal Control Risk and Fraud of TSE and OTC Listed Companies

近年來，企業倒閉事件頻傳，產生一連串的財務金融事件，造成全球財經界及政壇的震撼。而由我國公司訴訟案件中可得知，公司發生舞弊之原因主要還是在於公司內部控制有缺失。有鑑於此，本研究以公開發行及上市櫃公司為樣本，選取85家訴訟公司、170家正常公司為研究對象，並以我國審計準則公報43號的內部控制風險因子，運用羅吉斯迴歸模型來分析比較舞弊公司與正常公司間內部控制風險因子之不同。 本研究之實證結論顯示，我國上市櫃公司管理階層積極參與公司之重要營運決策及財務報導、強調股價及盈餘的成長，或公司管理階層在業界聲譽不佳、近三年有更替過，皆會影響公司舞弊之發生。另外，若公司近三年流動比率不佳、或有關係人交易，亦或負責財務工作的人員（如會計、出納）並無強迫休假的制度等，亦會導致公司有舞弊之情形出現。 另外，依我國審計準則四十三號公報將舞弊按「動手的手法」分為二種類型。在財務報表舞弊類型中，羅吉斯迴歸之結果顯示，管理階層若積極參與會計帳務、不遵守法令之規定或其公司不確實執行控制活動、採用之會計政策不穩健、或過去三年公司流動比率不佳等，皆會導致公司舞弊的發生；而在資產侵吞類型中，公司之控制活動若未能確保公司之規定已經執行、各交易皆未確切且及時入帳、資產未設置專人管理、或負責財務工作的人員沒有強迫休假的制度亦會影響公司舞弊之發生。For recent years, reports of business failure keep pouring and a series of issues on financial crisis has appeared consequently. This effect ripples through the global finance circle and political arena. Those failures imply that financial scandals, crises and bankruptcies would occur with ease while the internal control systems are operated deficiently. Therefore, this study selects 85 sued cases and 170 healthy companies as research examples, and uses internal control risk factors of Taiwan's Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 43 via an application of a logistic regression to analyze the differences in internal control risk factors between the fraud and non-fraud companies. The results of this research indicated that there is a relationship between corporate fraud and factors such as active participation of management of the companies listed on the TSE and OTC, financial news focusing on stock and earnings growth, bad reputation or transfer in three years of top management. Moreover, this study also found that low current ratios in three years, related party transactions, no regular vacation taking requirements for financial staff would also increase the fraud occurrences. Moreover, per Taiwan's Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 43, there are two fraud typologies, fraudulent financial reporting and misappropriation of assets. The former, which was analyzed by using Logistic Repression, includes active participation of management on accounting, violating regulations, not fully implementing internal control, unstable accounting strategy and low current ratios in three years. The latter includes if the internal control activities are not carried out by corporation policy, journal entries are not been made timely and validly, no assigned staff to manage assets, and no regular vacation taking requirements for financial staff will also increase fraud risk.第一章 緒論 ..............................................1 第一節 研究背景與動機 ..................................1 第二節 研究目的 ........................................3 第三節 預期研究貢獻 ....................................3 第四節 研究架構.........................................3 第二章 理論基礎與文獻探討.................................5 第一節 內部控制及舞弊...................................5 第二節 內部控制與舞弊之關聯性..........................13 第三節 新增舞弊訴訟公司之介紹..........................15 第三章 研究方法 .........................................21 第一節 觀念性架構......................................21 第二節 變數定義 .......................................21 第三節 問卷設計........................................23 第四節 樣本定義........................................23 第五節 研究方法........................................24 第四章 實證結果分析......................................26 第一節 敘述性統計及信度效度分析........................26 第二節 羅吉斯迴歸之結果................................31 第五章 結論與建議 ......................................35 第一節 結論 ...........................................35 第二節 研究限制........................................36 第三節 研究建議及未來研究方向 .........................36 參考文獻 ................................................38 附錄一：全國司法機關審理偵辦之舞弊案.....................41 附錄二：公開發行公司問卷.................................44 表目次 表2-1：有關舞弊因素之國內外審計公報.......................8 表2-2：舞弊訴訟公司依SAS NO.99所做之比較.................19 表2-3：舞弊訴訟公司依我國審計準則公報四十三號所做之比較..20 表3-1：內部控制風險因子及其預期關係(輸入變數)............22表4-1：問卷基本資料......................................26 表4-2：敘述性統計表......................................27 表4-3：信度檢定..........................................29 表4-4：差異數檢定........................................30 表4-5：模型適合度資訊....................................31 表4-6：羅吉斯迴歸模型之結果..............................32 表4-7：舞弊類型樣本分類..................................32 表4-8：財務報表舞弊實證結果..............................33 表4-9：資產侵吞實證結果..................................33 圖目次 圖1-1：研究架構...........................................4 圖3-1：觀念性架構........................................21 圖4-1：各產業別家數......................................27 圖4-2：各舞弊公司發生之年度比較..........................2