Exanmining Technique and Evaluating Procedures of Frame-Type Scaffolding

本研究針對目前國內工地使用最為普遍之假設構造物-「框式鋼管施工架」，建立一套適合我國國情之「檢驗技術」與「檢定制度」，以有效掌握框式鋼管施工架的品質，確保施工架結構能夠達到原先設計之要求，進而提昇國內工地現場框式鋼管施工架之安全性，減少營建倒塌意外之發生。 由研究結果顯示，框式鋼管施工架檢驗技術以載重試驗法來進行較佳，初步階段以個別構件為主，檢驗要項以簡單易懂的方式分項說明列於「框式鋼管施工架檢驗技術相關規定及解說」中。在檢定單位方面，由實況調查結果評估，目前以大專院校的儀器設備較為齊全，具有進行檢定工作的能力。而檢定制度的執行，從申請施工架檢驗至檢驗後的處理方式，分成「工廠製造階段」與「工地使用階段」兩個重點來實行，整個檢定流程中，須由政府相關單位監督，並會同檢定單位及業者三方共同執行，對於不合格之施工架，務須以截斷等方式報廢處理，處理過程中，仍須由政府相關單位監督執行，以避免營私舞弊情事發生。在框式鋼管施工架檢定制度的落實措施方面，則建議由工程保險、公共工程、ISO 9000及法律責任等方面來著手推動。建議在「工程保險」方面，對於檢驗合格之業者，可據檢驗合格証明向保險公同提出降低「營造工程財務損失險」保費的要求。由於「公共工程」在執行上較易發揮公權力，可避免人情，對於檢驗不合格之施工架結構，能嚴格要求全部拆除。此外，輔導國內營造業及施工架製造廠商符合 ISO 9000精神，並將框式鋼管施工架檢驗工作列入「品管計劃書」中。最後，根據「勞工安全衛生法規」條文，提出相關法條與罰則，說明業者應盡的義務以及可能觸犯的民事與刑事責任。The objectives of this paper are to establish an examining technique and an evaluating procedure for temporary structures which are frame-type scaffolding. The frame-type scaffolding is widely used in the current construction sites of Taiwan. The accomplishment of examining and evaluating will ensure the frame-type scaffolding to work as its original design criterion. Thus, the safety of frame-type scaffolding is definitely enhanced and the failures of temporary structures can be minimized or reduced. This research finds that the test of load-carrying capacity for individual elements of frame-type scaffolding can serve as the tool of examining technique. In the part of "Explanation and Requirement of examining technique of Frame-type Scaffolding," the criteria of the examining tests are easy and clear as compared with specifications. Three examining units are selected to participate in the project and they are chosen from the northern part, the central part, and the southern part of Taiwan, respectively. The whole examining and evaluating is divided into two parts which include the part of manufacturing phase and the part of working phase. In either phase, the government should supervise the test of examining with the representatives of constructors. For the failed or abandoned scaffoldings, they should be destroyed or removed as soon as possible. For avoiding the misuse in construction sites, the removing process should be superintended by the representative of government. In the practice of the evaluating procedure, four parts are considered. They are engineering insurance, infrastructure, ISO9000, and responsibility of law. In the engineering insurance, it is recommended that the payment of Financial Loss Insurance of Construction Engineering should be either increased or decreased on the basis of the qualification of tests. Since the application in infrastructures can be severer than that in general folk engineering, the evaluating procedure can be practicable in the infrastructure at first. The project of quality handbook with ISO9000 requirements should include the process of examining technique and the evaluating procedure becomes executable. According to the Labor Specifications of Safety and Healthy, some relative items can tell from the discrepancy of different responsibilities. After constructors recognize their rights and responsibilities, they would comply with the requirements of examining technique and evaluating procedure.目 錄 頁碼 摘 要Ⅰ AbstractⅡ 目 錄Ⅲ 表目錄VI 圖目錄VII 照片目錄X 第一章 緒 論1 1.1前言1 1.2研究動機與目的2 1.3研究方法與步驟2 第二章 我國鋼管施工架之種類及使用現況4 2.1 鋼管施工架之種類4 2.1.1依發展先後順序分類4 2.1.2依形狀分類5 2.1.3框式鋼管施工架及其附屬配件5 2.2 我國鋼管施工架之現況與安全性7 2.2.1國內鋼管施工架之使用現況7 2.2.2施工架相關作業潛藏之安全問題分析7 2.3小結12 第三章 國內外框式鋼管施工架相關法規及研究33 3.1 框式鋼管施工架相關法規33 3.1.1國外方面33 3.1.2國內方面35 3.1.3臨時架設物安全設施構造及試驗相關基準與中國國家標準 之比較36 3.2 框式鋼管施工架之研究36 3.3 小結38 第四章 框式鋼管施工架檢驗之試驗計劃40 4.1概述40 4.2試驗規劃40 4.3名詞定義42 4.4試驗結果與討論42 4.4.1施工架單元之基本載重42 4.4.2截短立架位置改變之承載強度42 4.4.3單側交叉拉桿數量改變之承載強度43 4.4.4無交叉拉桿配置之承載強度43 4.4.5補強施工架後之承載強度44 4.5小結44 第五章 框式鋼管施工架檢驗技術相關規定及解說59 5.1 概述59 5.2 施工架及金屬配件之構造60 5.2.1立架60 5.2.2交叉拉桿66 5.2.3橫架69 5.2.4附工作板橫架73 5.2.5托架77 5.2.5.1固定型托架77 5.2.5.2伸縮型托架77 5.2.5.3開閉式托架77 5.2.6壁繫桿83 5.2.7腳柱接頭86 5.2.8連接片89 5.2.9可調型基腳座鈑92 5.3 小結97 第六章 檢定制度與檢定單位之可行性分析98 6.1鋼管施工架使用現況瞭解與檢定單位之實況調查98 6.2問卷調查的設計98 6.3問卷調查結果與分析99 6.4檢定單位實況調查結果與分析103 6.5 檢定單位評鑑107 6.6小結109 第七章 框式鋼管施工架檢定制度之策略與落實123 7.1 框式鋼管施工架檢定制度之策略123 7.1.1檢定標準123 7.1.2檢定流程126 7.2 檢定工作之落實129 7.2.1工程保險理賠129 7.2.2公共工程130 7.2.3框式鋼管施工架檢定制度與ISO 9000131 7.2.4法律責任131 7.3 小結132 第八章 結論與建議137 8.1 結論137 8.2 建議139 參考文獻140 附錄一 CNS4751 ,A3079145 附錄二 問卷調查表156 附錄三 檢定單位實況調查表157 附錄四 問卷統計表158 附錄五 檢定單位實況調查記錄表16