The Research of Taiwanese High-tech Immigrants in the Silicon Valley

臺灣移民崛起於矽谷與戰後美國經濟、科技的發展，美國政府對華移民政策的改變，矽谷的風險投資和獨特的矽谷精神，矽谷的經濟潛力以及臺灣移民自身素質的提升等因素有關。近幾年來，矽谷高科技產業的重鎮，受到美國大環境經濟不景氣的影響，蕭條許多。許多過去在矽谷投資的臺灣移民，除了等待下一波的矽谷經濟復甦外，他們決定回流臺灣，再創臺灣經濟的奇蹟。臺灣的人才與技術水準，已是矽谷人放心回流臺灣創業的重要因素。美國臺灣移民在矽谷的突出表現，及回流後對母國在科技及經濟技術上的貢獻，必將對二十一世紀的高新科技產業和全球華人圈產生深遠的影響。Abstract Study on high-tech talent people between Taiwan and America in the last twenty years have included aspects of social and economic incorporation such as location decisions, employment, residential mobility and housing preferences. While the aim to compare the network relationships of high-tech firms in two geographical locations (i.e., Hsinchu High-tech Science-based Industrial Park and Silicon Valley) and in two different stages (i.e., early stage and growth stage) of a firm's life cycle have relatively little research. As Taiwan's high technology industries grew by benefiting from the connection with the technology hub, Silicon Valley, it has extended the production networks to China, particularly since late 1990s. In the cross-border networks, Taiwan's high-tech firms take advantage of huge stock of business experiences, which was accumulated in the dense connection with Silicon Valley in more than two decades. At the same time, Hsinchu firms make the most of the cultural and language affinity to reduce transaction costs and entry barriers of doing business in China. In the sense, it plays well as the middleman in the triangle connection. The Hsinchu corridor region transformed itself as the node of knowledge flow with the high technology hub, particularly Silicon Valley of California, through the channel of transnational technical communities. At the same time, the Region also played as the headquartering role in the extension of production chains which cross the Taiwan Strait to concentrate in the major costal cities in Mainland China, such as Shanghai. In consequence, it led the Taipei-Hsinchu region to grow as the nodal city in the cross-border connections. However, numerous issues of governance had to be tackled down for the role to activate, including the solution of the conflict between Taipei City and other regions in Taiwan, the easing of political tension across the strait and the open flow of talent and capital to keep industrial upgrading. Otherwise, as the direct connection between Silicon Valley and China's major cities such as Shanghai grew faster, the role of interface city would face the peril of crowding out, unless it kept upgrading in the functional role to serve the business networks. My focus in this research reviewed current literature on transnationalism. In this study, we hypothesize that high-tech Taiwanese immigrants in Taiwan and Silicon Valley have similar network relationships. In addition, this research studies the network relations between Silicon Valley Taiwanese in Information and Computer industry. I'll prove that personal networks are still very important in high technology industry. Resources Silicon Valley needs from Taiwan including manufacturing and marketing capacities, and human capitals, while Taiwan needs Silicon Valley's investment opportunities.美國加州矽谷高科技台灣移民 人才流動之研究 目 次 第一章 緒論…………………………………………………… 1 第二章 臺灣移民美國的背景…………………………………11 第一節 推拉理論及政府的移民政策…………………………12 一、 推拉理論的體現………………………………………12 二、 政府的移民政策………………………………………15 第二節 台灣移民的人口結構及社會結構….……………… 17 一、 台灣移民的人口結構及特質…………………………17 二、 台灣移民的社會結構…………………………………24 第三章 矽谷地區臺灣移民高科技產業潛力探討……………28 第一節 矽谷產業族群聚落的演化及特色……………………28 一、 矽谷產業聚落的演化..........................29 二、 矽谷的特殊性................................35 第二節 矽谷吸引臺灣科技移民的因素………………………44 一、 台灣移民職業特殊分析........................46 二、 產業環境對台灣移民的助益....................47 三、 矽谷吸引台灣移民的風險投資和獨特的矽谷精神..49 第三節 臺灣移民帶給矽谷的經濟效益與成就………………53 一、 台灣移民在矽谷當地的創業及投資貢獻..........53 二、 台灣移民帶給矽谷電腦資訊科技領域的成就......58 第四章 科技人才的流動與交匯………………..……………76 第一節 台灣科技人才回流母國創業………….…………… 77 一、台灣吸引科技人才回流的原因.......................77 二、竹科吸引科技人才的原因……………...…………………80 第二節 矽谷與竹科人才之交匯.........................81 一、矽谷的台灣移民創業家.............................82 二、矽谷—新竹(the Silicon Valley-Hsinchu)的超鏈結… 91 三、矽谷、台灣與中國間的發展互動.....................97 第五章 科技人才流動對創業投資的貢獻……………………102 第一節 矽谷與竹科的創業投資………………………………102 一、台灣創業投資發展…………………………………………103 二、美國創業投資發展…………………………………………108 三、矽谷與竹科創投經營模式之比較…………………………109 第二節 族裔網絡全球化下資訊電子產業的環境……………117 第六章 結論……………………………………………………123 參考書目………………………………………………………. 126 附錄………………………………………………………………14