The Changes of IdentiFication among the Overseas Chinese and the Reasons For the Establishment of Nationalism Towards the End of the Qing Dynasty

早期移民海外的华侨，其民族主义意识尚未形成。晚清时期，两次鸦片战争导致的民族危机强烈震撼了朝野。在民族危机意识下寻求社会变革、救之图存的朝野三股政治势力———清朝实权派中的有识之士、保皇派势力、孙中山的革命派，都先后把目光投向海外华侨、寻求华侨的支持，在客观效果方面，这三股政治势力在推动华侨对祖国的认同，从而激发海外华侨社会中华民族主义的兴起方面起了积极作用。For the early overseas Chinese,their sense of nationalism was not yet cultivated.However,towards the end of the Qing Dynasty,the national crisis resulting From the Opium Wars greatly shocked the government and the public.Thus the three political Forces the wise people in power at court,the royalists and the revolutionaries represented by Dr Sun Yat sen were all seeking support From the overseas Chinese.Objectively,these three Forces all played an active part in bringing about the identiFication of the overseas Chinese with their motherland and helped to Foster their nationalism