Human Capital and Its Productivity and Income in Agricultural Sector

文章分析了改革开放30年来中国农业部门人力资本演变特征,并与非农业部门进行比较分析。结果显示,农业与非农业劳动力的平均人力资本比值有随时间下降的趋势,但具有收敛性,农业部门人力资本占比总体下降,其中农业劳动力比重变化呈负效应,人力资本比值变化效应较为复杂。农业部门人力资本生产率一般为非农业部门的0.2~0.4,比值总体处于一个平稳下降状态,其中静态劳动生产率比值效应和人力资本比值效应是主要影响因素。农业人力资本收益呈增加态势,但总体低于非农业部门,表明农业部门的从业人员人力资本长期得不到公平合理的回报。针对目前存在的问题,国家应当从制度上、政策上采取切实有效措施加以纠正。This paper analyses the evolution of human capital in agricultural sector during China' s three decades' reforms,comparing with non-agricultural sectors.The research results show that the average level of human capital ratios of non-agricultural labor force in agricultural sector has declined over time,but with convergency.The percentage of agricultural human capital has been declined along with a negative effect of the labor ratio change,and the effect of human capital ratio change is more complicated.Human capital productivity in agriculture accounts for 20 percent to 40 percent of the non-agriculture,and the ratio is in a steady decline.The static effect of labor productivity ratio and the effect of human capital ratio are the main influence.The gains from agriculture human capital show an increase trend,but the overall level is less than that of the non-agriculture,indicating that the returns of agricultural human capital have been unreasonable for long period.The government should take effective measures in institutions and policy to deal with these problems