Nevojaški viri ogrožanja varnosti Sredozemlja

Pozivi teoretikov, da je treba preseči vojaškodeterministični pristop k varnosti in v varnostno razpravo vključiti tudi druge dejavnike ogrožanja varnosti, so se sporadično pojavljali že med hladno vojno, po njej pa so pridobili težo. Varnost Sredozemlja, ki je vedno imelo velik geopolitični in vojaško-strateški pomen, je vse bolj povezana z obvladovanjem nevojaških virov ogrožanja, med katerimi izstopajo socialno-ekonomski, okoljski in demografski, pa tudi terorizem in mednarodni organizirani kriminal. Članek teoretično konceptualizira naštete vire ogrožanja in jih analizira prek konkretnih podatkov, ki se nanašajo na sredozemski prostor. Ta je nevojaško zelo ogrožen, še posebej pa vzbujajo skrb kumulativni učinki posameznih virov ogrožanja in njihova medsebojna povezanost.We witnessed sporadic appeals of theoreticians to understand security beyond military deterministic approach even during the Cold War. However, they acquired a real momentum only in its aftermath. The Mediterranean has always occupied an important geopolitical and military strategic position, although its security has recently become crucially related to non-military threats, such as socio-economic, environmental and demographic ones. Other important threats in this area are terrorism and international organized crime. The authors accomplished a brief theoretical conceptualization of the above-mentioned threats and analysed them by exploring the concrete data pertaining to the Mediterranean. The latter faces unfavourable economic, social, and consequently political developmentsthe degradation of environment and several threats stemming from it: rising air temperatures and see levels, polluted rivers with less water, depletion of natural resources (oil, gas, fish ...), frequent extreme natural phenomenaunfavourable demographic trends and a lot of legal and illegal migrationsterrorist activity that is uniquely high in global terms: the quantity of terrorist groups, attacks, victims and material costand intensive international criminal activity where Mediterranean is a final destination and a route for trafficking arms, counterfeited commodities, drugs, cigarettes, people, human organs and archaeological items. The cumulative effects of individual threats and their mutual reinforcements represent a huge security challenge for the Mediterranean